There are four lines of railway, in connection with London and Cambridgeshire for the north, Thetford to Norwich and West Norfolk, Ipswich and East Suffolk, and Col chester for Essex. In the vicinity is Ickworth, the magni ficent seat of the marquis of Bristol. The town was the birthplace of Bishop Gardiner, and gives the title of viscount to the Keppel family (Earls of Albemarle).
Population in 1871, 14,928.BUSBECQ, Augier Ghislen de (1522-1592), a Flemish diplomatist and traveller, was born at Commines in ] 522, and was educated at the universities of Louvain, Paris, Venice, Bologna, and Padua. He was engaged in several important employments and negotiations, and in particular was twice sent as ambassador by the Emperor Ferdinand I. to the court of Soliman II. He made a collection of curious inscriptions and manuscripts ; and in his second journey to Constantinople he carried with him an artist to make drawings of the rarest plants and animals. In 1562 he returned to Vienna, and was appointed tutor to the sons of the Emperor Maximilian II. Busbecq died at St Germain, near Rouen, October 28, 1592. He wrote a Discourse of the State of the Ottoman Empire, and a Rela tion of his Two Journeys to Turkey. A translation of the Travels in Turkey was published in Glasgow by Robert Urie in 1761.
BUSBY, Richard (1606-1695), D.C.L., head-master of Westminster school, was born at Lutton in Lincolnshire in 1606. He was educated at the school which he after wards superintended for so long a period, and first signalized himself by gaining a king s scholarship. From Westminster he removed to Christ Church College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1628. In his thirty-third year he had already become renowned for the obstinate zeal with which he sup ported the falling dynasty of the Stuarts, and was rewarded for his services with the prebend and rectory of Cudworth, with the chapel of Knowlc annexed, in Somersetshire. Next year he became head-master of Westminster school. His reputation as a teacher soon became so great that many of the noblest families entrusted their children to his care. He Jiimself once boasted that sixteen of the bishops who then occupied the bench had been birched with his " little rod." No school in England has on the whole produced so many eminent men as Westminster did under the regime of Busby. Among the more illustrious of his pupils may be mentioned South, Dryden, Locke, Prior, and Bishop Atterbury. He wrote and edited many works for the use of his scholars. His original treatises (the best of which are his Greek and Latin grammars), as well as those which he edited, have, however, long since fallen into disuse. Busby died in 1695, in his ninetieth year, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where his effigy is still to be seen.
BUSCA, a town of Italy, in the province of Cuneo, 9 miles from the city of that name, on the left bank of the Macra, a confluent of the Po. It contains a college, a hospital, and two botanic gardens. The inhabitants are engaged in the culture of the silkworm and the manu facture of leather and ironwares; and there are marble and alabaster quarries. It is the site of some Roman antiquities. Population, 9533.
BÜSCHING, Anton Friedrich (1724-1793), one of the founders of modern scientific geography, was born at Stadthagen in Schaumburg-Lippe, on the 27th September 1724. In his youth he was harshly treated by his father; but a clergyman of the name of Hauber, pleased with his talents, undertook to give him gratuitous instruc tion, and afterwards enabled him to continue his studies at Halle. There, by application and good conduct, he acquired numerous friends, and in 1748 was appointed tutor in the family of the Count de Lynars, who was then going as ambassador to St Petersburg. On this journey he became sensible of the defective state of geographical science, and resolved to devote his life to its improvement. Withdraw ing as soon as possible from the count s family, he went to reside at Copenhagen, and devoted himself entirely to this new pursuit. In 1752 he published a Description of the Counties of Schlfsivig and Holstein, a work that was much approved. In 1754 he removed to Gottingen, and married Christiana Dilthey, a young lady of some temporary reputa tion as a poetess. Here a work in which he dissented from some of the Lutheran tenets lost him the appointment in 1757 to the theological chair, for which he had become a candidate. Two years later he was appointed professor of philosophy; but in 1761 he accepted an invitation to the German congregation at St Petersburg. There he organized a school, which, under his auspices, soon became one of the most flourishing in the North of Europe, but a disagreement with Marshal Munich led him, in spite of the empress s offers of high advancement, to return to Germany in 1765. He first went to live at Altona; but next year he was called to superintend an extensive educa tional establishment, known as the Greyfriars Gymnasium (Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster), which had been formed at Berlin by Frederick the Great. Here he superintended the progress of every pupil, and inspected the minutest details connected with the prosperity of the institution, besides giving lectures on the history of the arts and sciences. He continued to prosecute his various la.bours till a dropsy, under which he had long suffered, terminated his life on the 28th May 1793. His writings and example gave a new impulse to education throughout Prussia, and the Government was so sensible of the value of his services that they allowed his extensive correspondence to pass free of postage.
Few authors, even in Germany, liave been more prolific than Biisching. As enumerated by Meusel in his Lexicon of Get man Authors, his works amount to more than a hundred. They may be classed under the heads of Geography and History, Education, Re ligion, and Biography. The first elass comprehends those upon which his fame clneily rests ; for although he did not possess the geographical genius of D Anville, he may be regarded as the creator of modern Statistics. His magnum opus is the Neuc Erdbcschrcibung, (New Description of the Globe). The first four parts, which compre hend Europe, were published in four volumes (1754-1761), and have been translated into many of the European languages. They appeared in English with a preface by Murdoch, in six volumes 4to, London, 1762. In 1768 the fifth part was published, being the first volume upon Asia, containing Asiatic Turkey and Arabia. It displays an immense extent of research, and is generally considered as his masterpiece. Biisching was also the editor of a valuable collection entitled Magazin fur Historic und Geographic, 2 vols. 4to, 1767-93 ; also of IVochentl. Nachrichten von neuen Landkarten, Berlin, 1773-87.
His elementary works on education long held a distinguished place in this branch of literature, but his theological writings are not much esteemed. In biography he wrote a number of articles for the above mentioned Magazin, and a valuable collection of Bei- trtiye. zur Lcbcnsgcschichte merkwiirdigcr Pcrsoncn, 6 vols. 1783-9, including a very elaborate life of Frederick the Great.
province of Fars, situated in the Persian Gulf. The surrounding country is a parched and barren desert, con sisting of brown sand or grey clay and rock, unenlivened by any kind of vegetation. The town, which is of a triangular form, occupies the extremity of a peninsula eleven miles long and four broad, and is encircled by the sea on all sides except the south. It is fortified on the land side by a mud wall with round towers. The houses being mostly built of white stone gives the city, when viewed from a distance, a rather clean and handsome appearance, but on closer inspection the streets are found to be narrow, irregular, ill-paved, and filthy. Almost the only handsome buildings are the sheikh s palace and the British residency. Ships of 300 tons are obliged to lie in the roads six miles
from the town. The water immediately east of the town
