Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 5.djvu/752

marriage-treaty broken off by England, December. Birth of Pascal (died, 1662). Shakespeare s Works, the first folio, published. 1624. Monopolies declared illegal in England, February. England declares war on Spain, March 10. Richelieu becomes a member of the Council, April. Treaty of Compiegne between France and Holland, June 20. The Valtelline seized by the French, November. Pembroke College, Oxford, founded. Barbados, first English settle ment in West Indies. Burton s Anatomy of Melancholy published. Lord Herbert s Tradatus de Veritatc. Privilege of Sanctuary in England abolished. 1625. Huguenot insurrection in France, January. Charles I. king of England, March 27. Death of Maurice, prince of Orange, April 23. Charles I. marries (by proxy) Henrietta of France, May 11. Breda taken by Spinola, June 5. English expedition against Cadiz. Charles I. dissolves the parliament, August 12. Grotius De Jure Belli etc Pads published. 1626. Impeachment of Buckingham, February. Treaty of Moi^on between France and Spain, March 5, Minden taken by Tilly, June 9. Charles I. dissolves his second parliament, June 15. Edict of Louis XIII, for demolition of castles in France, July 31. Gottingen taken by Tilly, August 11. Battle of Lutter, defeat of Christian IV. of Denmark by Tilly, August 27. Birth of Madame de Sevigne (died, 1696). Birth of Robert Boyle (died, 1691). 1627. Siege of Rochelle begun, summer. Expedition of Bucking ham to Isle of Rhe, July-October. The Rudolphine Tables com pleted by Kepler. Birth of Bossuet (died, 1704). 1628. Cromwell sits for Huntingdon in third parliament, March. Petition of Right presented to Charles I,, May 28; passed, June 7. Laud bishop of London, July Assassination of Buckingham, August 23. La Rochelle taken by Richelieu, October 28. Death of Shah Abbas, December. Siege of Stralsund by Wallenstein. Birth of Bunyan (died, 1688). The Taj Mehal built. 1629. Campaign of Louis XIII. against duke of Savoy, January to June. Edict of Restitution published by the emperor, March 6. Third parliament of Charles I. dissolved, March 10. Charter granted to the Massachusetts Bay company, March. Peace between England and France, April. Peace of Lubeck, between the emperor and the king of Denmark, May 22. Montauban reduced, August. Richelieu first minister of state, November. Birth of Huyghens (died, 1695). 1630. Richelieu invades Italy, February. Gustavus Adolphus enters Germany, June. Mantua surprised by Imperialists, July 17. Wallenstein deprived of his command, August. Death of Spinola, September 25. Birth of Isaac Barrow (died, 1677). Birth of Tillotson (died, 1694). The Slide Rule invented by Oughtred. 1631. Treaty of Bernwald, alliance of France and Sweden against the emperor, January 23. Magdeburg besieged by Tilly, March ; stormed and sacked, May 20-22. Treaty of Chierasco concluded, April 6. Gustavus concludes a treaty with Elector of Brandenburg, June 11. Battle of Leipsic, victory of Gustavus over Tilly, Sep tember 7. March of Gustavus to the Rhine, September to Christ mas. Mentz taken, December 13. Wallenstein recalled, December. Great eruption of Vesuvius. Description of the Vernier published by the inventor. Transit of Mercury first observed, by Gassendi. Birth of Dryden (died, 1700). 1-632. Lorraine subject to France by treaty of Vic, signed January 6. Passage of the Lech by the Swedes, Tilly wounded, April, 5. Death of Tilly, April 6. Munich entered by Gustavus, May 17. Nuremberg seized by Gustavus. Siege and capture of Maestricht by Prince Frederick Henry, August. Schomberg defeats Montmorency at Castelnaudary, September 1. Execution of Mont- morency, October 30. Battle of Liitzen, victory and death of Gustavus, November 16. Christina queen of Sweden. Regency of Oxenstiern. Birth of John Locke (died, 1704). Birth of Spinoza (died, 1677). Birth of Puffendorf (died, 1694). Birth of Wren (died, 1723). 1633 Union of Heilbronn, April 9 Coronation of Charles I. in Scotland, June 18. Laud archbishop of Canterbury, August. Nancy besieged and taken by and ultimately ceded to Louis X11L, September 20. The Book of Sports repu Wished by Chailes I., October. Ratisbon taken by Duke Bernhard, November. Prynne fined, pilloried, and imprisoned, for his Histrio masdjx. Galileo condemned by the Inquisition. 1634. Lorraine annexed to France; Parliament of Austrasia established at Metz. Wallenstein assassinated, February 25. Urbain Grandier burnt on charge of witchcraft, August 18. Battle of Nordlingen, victory of Imperialists over the Swedes, September 6. Writ of ship-money issued by Charles I. Treaty between the French and the Swedes, November. Siege of Heidelberg by Imperialists ; raised by the French, December, Order of the Sisters of Charity founded by St Vincent de Paul. The Ammergau Passion Play insti tuted. 1635. Philippsburg taken by Imperialists, January. Alliance between the French and the Dutch, February. Treves surprised by Spaniards, and elector taken prisoner, March 26. France declares war on Spain, May 10. Peace of Prague, between the emperor and the elector of Saxony, May 30. The French Academy founded by Richelieu. Articles of the Church of England adopted by Irish Church. The Jardin des Plantes, Paris, founded. Norwood measures a degree of the meridian in England. 1636. John Hampden resists the imposition of ship-money. University of Utrecht founded. Birth of Boileau (died, 1711). Harvard College, U. S. , founded. 1637. Ferdinand III. emperor, Feb. 15. Trial of Hampden, June 12. Prynne, Bastwick, and Burton condemned by Star Chamber, June 14. Decree of Star Chamber for regulation of printing, July 1. Book of Canons and Common Prayer issued for Scotland ; disturbances on its introduction at Edinburgh, July 23. Descartes s Discours de la Methode published. Death of Nicholas Ferrar (born, 1593). 1638. The Solemn League and Covenant of the Scots published, March 1. General Assembly at Glasgow abolishes Episcopacy, November, December. Siege and capture of Breisach by Bernhard, December 17. Baghdad taken by the Turks, December 25. Cyrillua Lucaris (patriarch of Constantinople) put to death. Birth of Malebranche (died, 1715). Chillingworth s Religion of Protes tants published. 1639. The Scots take up arms, January. Lesley takes posses sion of Edinburgh Castle, March 23. Pacification of Berwick, June 18. Admiral Tromp defeats Spanish Fleet in the Downs, October 11-12. Birth of Racine (died, 1699). Transit of Venus first observed by Horrox and Crabtree. 1610. The Short Pailiament of Charles I. meets, April 13 ; dissolved, May 5. Revolt of Catalonia, June. Newcastle occu pied by Scots, August 27. Turin invested by the French, May ; surrenders, September 24, Last sitting of High Commission Court, October 22. The Long Parliament meets, November 3. Impeach- mentof Strafford, November 11. Independence of Portugal recovered; John duke of Braganza proclaimed king, December 1. Frederick "William, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg, December 1. Treaty between France and the Catalans, December 16. Jansenius pub lishes his Augustinus. Peruvian bark introduced into Europe. Micrometer invented by Gascoigne. 1641. Union of Catalonia with France, January 23. Ibrahim I. sultan, February. Archbishop Laud sent to the Tower, March 1. Trial of Strafford, March 22 ; he is beheaded, May 12. Abolition of the Star Chamber. Visit of Charles I. to Scotland, August to November. Irish Rebellion, massacre of Protestants, October 23. The Grand Remonstrance presented to Chailes I., December ]. The terms "Roundheads" and "Cavaliers " come into use. Malacca taken by the Dutch. The Mcditationcs of Descartes published. 1642. Attempted arrest of the five members by Charles I., January 4. Death of Mary de Medici, July 8. Charles I. sets up his standard at Nottingham, August 22. Perpignan surrenders to the French, September 9. Execution of Cinq-Mars for conspiracy, September 12. Roussillon taken possession of by France. Battle of Leipsic, victory of Swedes over Imperialists, October 13. Battle of Edgehill, October 23. Oxford occupied by Charles I. , October 26. Death of Richelieu, December 4. Mazarin first minister. New Zealand and Van Diemen s Land discovered by Tasman. Calculat ing machine invented by Pascal. Birth of Newton (died, 1727). 1643. Louis XIV. king of France, May 14 ; regency of Anne of Austria. Battle of Rocroi, May 19. Death of Hampden, June 24. The Assembly of Divines meets at Westminster, July 1. Bristol surrenders to Prince Rupert, July 27. Opening of Congress of Munster, July. Thionville recovered by the French, August 10 Siege of Gloucester by Charles I., August-September. Battle of Newbury, death of Lord Falkland, September 20. The Covenant taken by the House of Commons and Assembly of Divines, Sep tember 25. Philip IV. drives the French from Aragon, November. The barometer invented by Torricelli. Birth of Bishop Burnet (died, 1715). First volume of the Ada Sanctorum, by Bollandus and Henschen, published. 1644. The Swedes under Torstenson invade Denmark, January 16. The Scots enter England, January. Trial of Archbishop Laud, March- November. Battle of Marston Moor, July 2. Gravelines taken by the French, July 28, Battle of Freiburg, August 3-5. Philippsburg besieged by the French ; taken, September 9. Sack of Aberdeen by Montrose, September 13-16. Second battle of Newbury, October 27. Christina assumes government of Sweden, December 18. Conquest of China by the Manchoos. Milton s Areopacjitica published. Birth of William Penn (died, 1718). 1645. Archbishop Laud beheaded, January 10. Turenne defeated by General Merci at Mariendal, May 5. Battle of Naseby, June 14. Alexis czar of Russia, July 13, Peace between Sweden and Den mark, August 14. Bristol surrendered by Prince Rupert, Septem ber 10. Lesley defeats Montrose at Philiphaugh, September 13. Capture of Treves by Turenne, November 9. Death of Olivarez (born, 1587). 1646. Charles I. surrenders to the Scots, May 5. Surrender of Oxford to the Parliament, June 24. Dunkirk taken by the French, October 12. Birth of Leibnitz (died, 1716). 1647. Charles I. given up by the Scots to the Parliament,

January 30. Treaty of Ulm between France and Bavaria, March.