works chiefly scientific and historical, and a rare collection of Oriental MSS., possesses a valuable collection of minerals classified for examination. The fine collection of casts from the antique presented by the Pope to King George IV., which are now the property of the institution, are used by the pupils of the Cork School of Art. There are numerous literary and scientific societies, and the Cork Cuvierian and Archaeological Society, which publishes a monthly report of its proceedings. There also are young men s societies presided over by the clergy of the different
religious denominations.The North and South Infirmary and Fever Hospital are supported by public grants, and hospitals have been estab lished and. supported by private benevolence for almost every form of human suffering. The Cork District Lunatic Asylum occupies a fine position on the brow of a hill in the western suburb. It contains a daily average of 730 patients ; the recoveries are computed at about 43 -3 per cent. The Cork Union Workhouse contains a daily average of 2000 inmates, about one-half of whom are daily under hospital treatment. The buildings, out-offices, &c., occupy about 18 acres of land ; the annual income from taxation is 40,000.
The city water-works were erected under local Acts of 1852-56 at a cost of 100,000. They supply the city with 5,000,000 gallons of water daily, also 625 hydrants and 166 public fountains ; the extent of main pipes is 59 miles, of service pipes, about 66. Since the passing of the Intramural Burial Act the corporation of Cork has established a new cemetery (St Fin-Barre s) about a mile west of the city, at a cost of 12,000. It is already adorned with some handsome and costly monuments. St Joseph s cemetery, founded by Father Matthew in 1830 on the site of the old Botanic Gardens of the Cork Institution, is also beautifully planted and much used.
Trade.—The Cork Butter Exchange may be considered as the centre of the most important branch of manufacture not only in the county but in the entire province of Munster. Stafford in his letters mentions the exportation of corn and butter from Cork in 1633 to Spain. The pre sent market dates from 1769, from which time there exists an unbroken series of accounts. The largest number of firkins of butter on record that passed through the market was that of the year ending 14th April 1876. The number amounted to 431,796 firkins, representing a marketable value of nearly 1,700,000. The season 1859-60 ap proached it very closely (431,462), which was accounted for by the gold fever then at its height in Australia, Cork being the only market capable of meeting the demand, supplying a kind of butter suited to bear a long voyage ; its prepara tion is a speciality the system of classification by brand ing being carried out under the inspection of an expert. Each firkin contains on an average 74 ft). Wheat and corn are extensively imported into Cork, the facilities for discharging vessels of great burden being lately increased by deepening the channels of the river and erecting jetties along the Marina. For the year ending 31st December 1875 there were 620,240 quarters of wheat and 289,275 quarters of corn discharged in the port of Cork (a quarter is about 480 Ib). There are three distilleries and four breweries in the city, which manufacture largely for home consumption and exportation. The tanning trade is also extensively carried on. An extensive flax-mill has been lately established, and a manufactory for chemical manure, which produces about 10,000 tons annually. A large traffic is also carried on in the exportation of cattle (for which special steamers are sometimes run twice a week), eggs, feathers, and fish, particularly salmon, for which the River Lee is celebrated. The registered tonnage of vessels at the portin!876 was 34,801. The number and tonnage of vessels entering the port, employed in the cross channel and coast ing trade, reached 2644 vessels and 667,316 tons ; in the British colonial trade, 62 vessels of 27,641 tons ; in the foreign trade, 637 vessels, tonnage 161,739. The custom duties of the port average about 288,641.
Municipality.—The city, which is represented in Parliament by two members, is presided over by a mayor, a high sheriff, fourteen aldermen, and forty-one town councillors. It has from time to time received several charters ; the oldest, a copy of which only remains, is preserved in the Library oi the British Museum (HarL, No. 44 1 ). The principal charter is that of James I. The council books of the corporation from 1610 to 1800 have just been published. Cork holds a conspicuous place in the annals of Ireland, as will be seen by reference to the calendar of state papers, lately published under the master of the rolls. On 28th September 1689-90, the city surrendered to the earl of Marlborough after five days siege, when the duke of Grafton was mortally wounded. The Irish were in possession of tho city and Elizabeth Fort adjoining, which capitulated after being attacked with the muskets of a few soldiers, who fired into it from the steeple of the cathedral of Cork, which was directly opposite. The principal subsequent events of any moment will be found recorded in the council books above mentioned.
Population.—The decrease in the population of the county has not extended to the city in the same proportion. In 1851 the inhabitants of the municipal borough, within an area of 2266 acres, numbered 85,745 ; in 1861, 80,121, and in 1871, 78,642 (males, 36,847; females, 41,795), showing a decrease within twenty years of about 8
CORLEONE, a town of Sicily, in the province of Palermo, about 23 miles south of the city of that name, on the slope of a hill near the head waters of the Belici. It is well built and has two castles, one in ruins and the other used as a prison, and several good churches, of which the chief was restored in 1392. The town was one of the Saracen settlements in Sicily, and the castles are believed to be of Saracen erection ; the inhabitants are principally descendants of a Lombard colony, introduced in 1227 by Frederick II., and traces of the Lombard dialect are still observable. A fair trade is carried on with Palermo. The population, including the suburb of S. Niccolo, exceeds 16,000.
was born at Paris, January 6, 1788. His father and his grandfather both held the rank of lieutenant-general of the admiralty. In consequence of the suppression of the colleges he received his early education at a private school at Paris, and afterwards studied in the school of law. At the age of twenty he was received advocate, and about the same time he gained some reputation as a writer of piquant and delicate poems. In 1810 he received from Napoleon I. the appointment of auditor to the council of state ; and after the restoration of the Bourbons he became master of requests. During the period of his connection with the council he devoted himself zealously to the study of administrative law, and acquired those stores of exact knowledge which afterwards furnished the material for his
principal work as a jurist. He was selected to prepare
