tion of the French jaune dorec, and has reference to the prevailing golden-yellow colour of the living fish. The body in the dory is much compressed, and is nearly oval in form, while the mouth is large and capable of extensive protru sion. It possesses two dorsal fins, of which the anterior is armed with long slender spines, and the connecting mem brane is produced into long tendril-like filaments : while a row of short spines extends along the belly and the roots of the anal arid dorsal fins. The colour of the upper surface is olive brown ; the sides are yellowish, and are marked with a prominent dark spot, on account of which the dory divides with the haddock the reputation of being the fish from which Peter took the tribute money. It is an inhabitant of the Atlantic coasts of Europe, the Mediter ranean, and the Australian seas. It is occasionally abun dant on the coasts of Devon and Cornwall, and is also found, though more sparingly, throughout the British seas. It is exceedingly voracious, feeding on mollusks, shrimps, and the young of other fish ; and Couch states that from the stomach of a single dory he has taken 25 flounders, some 2J inches long, 3 fatherlashers half grown, and 5 stones from the beach, one an inch and a half in length. They are often taken in the fishermen s nets off the Cornwall and Devon coast, having entered these in pursuit of pilchards. They are seldom found in deep water, preferring sandy bays, among the weeds growing on the bottom of which they lie in wait for their prey, arid in securing this they are greatly assisted by their great width of gape, by their power of protruding the mouth, and by the slender filaments of the first dorsal fins, which float like worms in the water, while the greater part of the body is buried in the sand, and thus they entice the smaller fishes to come within easy reach of the capacious jaw r s. The dory often attains a weight of 12 ft), although those usually brought into the market do not average more than G or 7 Ib. It is highly valued as an
article of food.DOTIS. See Totis.
DOUAI, or Douay, an ancient and once strongly-fortified town of France, at the head of an arrondissemeut, in the department of Nord, situated on the Scarpe, at a railway junction 18 miles S. of Lille. Its triple line of fortifica tions, partly the work of Yauban and partly of more modern structure, includes a considerably larger space than is requisite for the area of its buildings ; the streets are consequently spacious, and the number and size of the gardens unusually large. Besides a variety of administra tive offices, the town possesses a court of appeal, which holds its sessions in the palace of the ancient parlement of Flandres ; it contains also one of the principal cannon foundries of the kingdom, an arsenal, and large artillery establishments, and is further remarkable for the number of its literary and scientific institutions, among which may be mentioned the academy, with its faculties of letters and law, representing the university established in 1562, the college, founded by cardinal Allen, for the education of English Koman Catholic priests, the Government school of artillery, a school of drawing and music, a museum of natural history and antiquities, enriched with sculptured stones and inscriptions from Bevai, a botanical garden, a collection of paintings, and a public library of upwards of 40,000 volumes, and among the rest about 300 incunabula. The church of Notre Dame dates from the 12th and 14th centuries, and preserves a remarkable painting, containing 254 figures, which formerly belonged to the abbey of Anchin, and was apparently the work of Jean Bellegambe ; the ancient Carthusian convent is still extant as an artillery magazine ; and the town-house ranks as one of the historical monuments of France, and is architecturally interesting for its ogival windows and its belfry and spire. Railways and canals open up to Douai an extensive trade 114 corn, wine, brandy, cattle, wool, flax, and other agricultural pro ducts; and it manufactures lace, gauze, cottons, linens, thread, earthenware, soap, salt, and beer. The origin of the town is a matter of dispute ; but it rose into importance in the Middle Ages under the Counts of Flanders, passed afterwards into the possession of the dukes of Burgundy, and thus became subject to the Spanish crown. In 1667 it was captured by the French under Louis XIV. ; and though the allies under Marlborough and Eugene obtained possession in 1710, it was retaken by the French in 1711, and finally incorporated with France in 1714. Population in 1872, 21,703.
DOUARNENEZ, a town and watering-place of France, in the department of Fiuistere, to the S. of a bay of the same name. Its sardine fishery, which is carried on from the end of June to the beginning of December, gives occu pation to about 800 boats, and between 3000 and 4000 men ; the average number of sardines caught each year is 360,000,000, worth 9,000,000 francs. Population, 7180 in 1872.
DOUBLEDAY, Thomas, an English author in political and general literature. He early adopted the views of his friend William Cobbett, and was active in promoting the agitation which resulted in the passing of the Reform Act of 1832. As secretary of the Northern Political Union of Whigs and Radicals, he took a prominent part in forwarding the interests of Lord Grey and the reforming party. In 1858–59 he was a member of the council of the Northern Reform Union ; and to the last he was a keen observer of political events. He succeeded his father as partner in an eminent firm of soap manufacturers at Newcastle, but devoted his attention rather to literature than to mer cantile affairs. On the failure of the firm he obtained the registrarship of St Andrew s parish, Newcastle, a post which he held until appointed secretary to the coal trade. He died at Burham, near Newcastle, December 18, 1870.
Besides poems, dramas, numerous pamphlets, contributions to Blackwood s Magazine, the Eclectic Review, and other periodicals, and leading articles in the Manchester Guardian and the Newcastle Chronicle, Doubleday wrote A Financial, Monetary, and Statistical History of England, 1847; A Treatise on Mundane Moral Govern ment, 1852; The True Law of Population, 1853; a romance, The Eve of St Mark, 1857; The Political Life of Sir Robert Peel, 1859; and Matter for Materialists, 1870.
named from its chief river, is formed of the ancient German principality of Mqntb&iard (Mompelgard), and of part of the province of Franche-Comte. It is bounded E.S.E. by Switzerland, N. by the territory of Belfort and by Haute- Saone, and N.W. and S.W. by Haute-Saone and Jura ; and lies between 46 33 10" and 47 33 45" N. lat., and 542 and 7 E. long. The surface is chiefly mountainous, four parallel chains of the Jura crossing it from S.W. to N.E. In the loftiest and most easterly chain the principal summit, Mont d Or, has an altitude of 4800 feet ; in the most westerly the highest points do not exceed 1 000 feet. The riv-er Doubs rises at the foot of the Noir Mont, in the arrondissement of Pontarlier, and, after twice traversing the department, passes through Jura, enters Saone-et-Loir, and joins the Saone at Verdun, after a course of 267 miles. It is navigable from Voujaucourt, near Montbeliard, to its mouth. Near Morteau it forms a cataract 88 feet in height. From Youjaucourt to Dole it constitutes a part of the navigable canal between the Rhone and Rhine. Doubs is well watered by smaller rivers and rivulets. The climate, owing to the differences of elevation, is variable; but it is generally cold and rainy, and the winters are severe. The soil is stony and loamy, and at the higher levels there are numerous peat-bogs. The department may be divided into
three regions. The highest, on which the snow usually lies
