| ARE | (364) | ARG |
corolla has three petals, and the calix is imbricated, There is only one ſpecies, viz. the cathecu, a native of India. AREMBERG, a city of Germany, ſituated about 25 miles ſouth of Cologn, in 6° 25′ E. long. and 50° 30′ N lat.
ARENA, in natural hiſtory. See Sand.
Arena, in Roman antiquity, a place where the gladiators fought; so called from its being always ſtrewed with ſand, to conceal from the view of the people the blood ſpilt in the combat.
ARENARIA, or chickweed, in botany, a genus of the decandria trigynia claſs. The calix has five open leaves; the petals are five, and entire; the capſule is unilocular, and contains many feeds. There are 17 ſpecies of arenaria, only 7 of which are natives of Britain, viz. the peploides, or ſea-chickweed; the trinervia, or plantain-leaved chickweed; the ſerpyllifolia, or leaſt chickweed; the {ls}}axatilis, or mountainchickweed; the laricifolia, or larch-leaved chickweed; the tenuifolia, or fine-leaved chickweed; and the rubra, or purple-flowered chickweed.
ARENATION, a kind of dry bath, wherein the patient ſits with his bare feet on hot ſand.
AREOLA, among anatomiſts, the coloured circle ſurrounding the nipple of the breaſt.
AREOPAGUS, a ſovereign tribunal at Athens, famous for the juſtice and impartiality of its decrees, to which the gods themſelves are ſaid to have ſubmitted their differences.
Authors are not agreed about the number of judges that compofed this auguſt court; ſome reckon thirty-one; others, fifty-one; and others, five hundred. In effect, their number ſeems not to have been fixed, but to have been more or leſs in different years. At firſt, this tribunal conſiſted only of nine perſons, who had all diſcharged the office of Archons, had acquitted themſelves with honour in that truſt, and had likewiſe given an account of their adminiſtration before the Logiſtæ, and undergone a rigorous examination. Their ſalary was equal, and paid out of the treaſury of the republic; they had three oboli for each cauſe. The Areopagites were judges for life; they never ſat in judgment but in the open air, and that in the nighttime, to the intent that their minds might be the more preſent and attentive, and that no object of pity or averſion might make any impreſſion on them; and all the pleadings before them were to be in the ſimpleſt and naked terms. At firſt they took cogniſance of criminal cauſes only, but in courſe of time their juriſdiction became of great extent.
Mr Spon, who examined the antiquities of that illuſtrious city, found ſome remains of the Areopagus ſtill exiſting in the middle of the temple of Theſeus, which was heretofore in the middle of the city, but is now without the walls. The foundation of the Areopagus is a ſemicircle, with an eſplanade of 140 paces round it, which properly made the hall of the Areopagus. There is a tribunal cut in the middle of a rock, with ſeats on each ſide of it, where the Arcopagites ſat expoſed, to the open air. It is very uncertain when this court was inſtituted, ſince Demoſthenes himſelf is at a loſs upon the point: Some think that it was inſtituted by Solon; but others carry it much higher, and aſſert it to have been eſtabliſhed by Cecrops, about the time that Aaron died.
AREQUIPPA, a city of Peru, in S. America, ſituated in 73° W. lon. and 17° S. lat.
AREHA, in botany, a genus of the pentandria monogynia claſs. The corolla is divided into five parts; the tube of the corolla is ovated; and the capſule is globolar, and conſiſts of but one cell. There is only one ſpecies, viz. the alpina.
ARETHUSA, in botany, a genus of the gynandria diandria claſs. The generic character is taken from the nectarium, which is tubular, ſituated at the bottom of the corolla; and the inferior labium of it is fixed to the ſtylus. There are four ſpecies of the arethuſa, all natives of America, except the capenſis, which is only found at the Cape of Good Hope.
ARGEMONE, in botany, a genus of the polyandria monogynia claſs. The corolla conſiſts of ſix petals; the calix of three leaves; and the capſule is ſemi-valved. There are three ſpecies of argemone, none of which are natives of Britain, They are all a kind of poppies.
AREZZO, a city of Tuſcany in Tealy, ſituated in 13° 15′ E. long, and 43° 15′ N. lat.
ARGEA, or Argei, in Roman antiquity, thirty human figures, made of ruſhes, thrown annually by the prieſts or'veſtals into the Tiber, on the day of the ides of May.
ARGENT, in heraldry, the white colour in the coats of gentlemen, knights, and baronets. See Heraldry.
ARGENTAN, a city of France, in the Lower Normandy, upon the Orne, in 25′ E. long. and 48° 34′ lat.
ARGENTARIA creta, pure white earth, found in Pruſſia, and much eſteemed for cleaning plate.
ARGENTIERE, a ſmall iſland in the Archipelago, ſituated about 60 miles eaſt of Morea, in 25° E. long. and 37° N. lat.
Argentiere is alſo the name of a ſmall town of Languedoc in France, in 4° E, long, and 44° 30′ N. lat.
ARGENTINA, in ichthyology, a genus of fiſhes belonging to the order of abdominales. The generic characters are theſe: The teeth are in the tongue as well as the jaws; the branchioſtege membrane has eight radii or rays; the anus is near the tail; and the belly-fins conſiſt of many rays. There are two ſpecies of argentina, viz. 1. The ſphyræna has 15 rays in the fin at the anus; the air-bladder of this ſpecies is conical on both ſides, and shines like ſilver: According to Mr Ray, falſe pearls are ſometimes made of it. 2. The carolina has likewiſe 15 rays in the fin near the anus; the tail is forked, and the lateral lines are ſtreight. It inhabits the freſh waters of Carolina.
ARGENTON, a town of France, ſituated about fortyfive miles ſouth-weſt of Bourges, in 1° 35′ E. long. 46° 40′ N. lat.
ARGENTUM. See Silver.
ARGILLA,
