96 THE STAFF OF A CASTLE IN January to the gate of York Castle.^ It is of some importance to observe that, in spite of its value, this holding was only a serjeanty. In the south of England there is sometimes doubt whether the serjeanty was attached to the gate of the castle or of the gaol. Thus, in Devon, John ' Janitor ' is found, in 1212, holding a manor
- per seriantiam custodiendi ianuam cast' Exon et gaiolam
prisonum';^ in Hampshire, Miles 'portarius' held, as I have expressed it, * his lands in Domesday, by the serjeanty of porter service at the jail or castle of Winchester '. ^ The history of Bramdean manor, which was held by this tenure, proves that the gaol was the chief element ; but the gate of the castle also is mentioned in 1204 and 1372.* Mr. Lapsley duly cites (p. 354) the well-known Bamborough serjeanty of Robert the porter, who ' held half a carucate of land per serianteriam custodiendi portam castri '. The reason why I have cited these examples is that this tenure was essentially a serjeanty. Mr. Lapsley speaks of land ' held feudally ', and of ' feudal land ' being annexed to the office ; but he is technically wrong in alleging ' military ' tenure (p. 353). He observes that In the reign of Henry 11 we find the lands of Richard poriarius in Sussex appearing frequently in the pipe rolls. ... As the land paid one mark towards the aid pur file marier, in the fourteenth year (Pipe Roll 14 Hen. II, p. 195), the tenure must have been military. But this entry is not found among those relating to tenants by knight-service {per servitium militare), but after payments by the men of Bosham and of Eastbourne (Burna), who had to contribute to the aid as being in the king's hands.^ Let us turn to a misunderstood instance of the payment of porters' wages in land. We read (p. 351) that the pipe rolls of Henry II prove * the payment of porters' wages annually at a certain number of castles '. A foot-note to this passage gives us ' the first year in which the porters' wages are entered. . . . Honour of Eye, ann. 22, p. 76 ; Honour of Lancaster, ann. 22, p. 89 '. But on the next page a foot-note informs us that From the twenty-second year onwards the sum of £10 6s. 8d., charged on ' Secchebroc ', is paid to Engelram Janitor and Roger de Sancto Albino. The same pair were receiving £40 a year from the honour of Lancaster . . . charged on * Crokeston '. These sums are greatly in excess
- ' pro feodo quod pertinet ad portam Castri de Euerw[icJ ' : Pipe Roll, 1 Ric. I,
p. 80. See, for this Alan, Testa, p. 368 b.
- Testa, p. 194 a.
» Victoria County History, Hants, i. 431, 603. * Ibid. iii. 46-7. ' The (Sussex) lands of the porters and vigiles (of Pevensey) are dealt with by- Mr. Salzmann in Sussex Arch. Coll. Ivii. 164-5. At a later time Henry de Paleme held ' per servicium custodiendi portam de Peveneselle ' {Testa, pp. 226, 417).
