182 BARONY AND THANAGE April was an hereditary office to which were attached the rights of public justice that we have inferred that the thane had in England and know that the baron had in Normandy, these rights being conveyed by a grant of sac and soc, toll and team, and infangthef . Turning now to Northumberland and Cumberland, we observe that in Northumberland every lay barony ^ but one was held in the thirteenth century by castle-ward to either Newcastle or Bamburgh, suit of court to the county, fine of court and cornage to the exchequer at Newcastle, all these services being ' forinsec '.^ About half these baronies were held as single knight's fees,® paying a relief of £5 only ;* and of these some had been held in the twelfth century not by knight-service but by thanage and fee-farm ^ or by some serjeanty, such as keeping the king's forests,* and others had been ancient demesne till John's day.' The exception was Beanly, held by the earls of Dunbar by cornage, suit to the county, fine of court,* common array and common work to Bamburgh * and as to one part by the serjeanty of being inborh and utborh on the marches between England and Scotland,^" and as to the rest by thanage,^^ paying a St. Cuthbert's farm ^^ of 305., four ' waitings ', truncage to Bamburgh, and talliage with the king's demesnes ; ^® and neither relief nor aid was due from it.^* In Cumberland and Westmorland, on the
- The inquest of 1212 {Testa de Nevill, ii. 764-75) gives, besides Redesdale and
Tynedale, which were regalities, Alnwick, Beanly, Bolbeck, Bolum, Bothal, Bywell, Calverdon (de la Val), EUingham (Gaugy), Embledon (le Vicomte), Hadston (Heron)^ Hephal, Langley (Tindale), Mitford, Morpeth, Prudhoe, Walton, Wark, Warkworth, Wooler (Muschamp). To these, the inquest of 1245 {ibid. ii. 717-48) adds Bradford, Chevington (Morwick), Dichbum, Dilston, Newbum, and Rothbury, all called maneria or villae in 1212 and serjeanties in 1236 {ibid. ii. 750), although Bradford and Cheving- ton were called baronies in the inquest of 1166, as was Gosford (Surtees) {Red Book; p. 438).
- Red Book, p. 712 ; Plac. de Quo Warr., pp. 583 fif. ; Northumberland Assize Bolls,
pp. 355-7 ; Maitland, Northumbrian Tenures, ante, v. 630, There seems no need to question Bracton's definition of ' forinsec ' as that service which was due to the king over and above what was due to the lord : De Legibus, ii. 16 (7).
- Bradford, Chevington, Dichbum, Dilston, Gosford, Hadston, Hephal, Langley,
Newbum, Rothbury, and Warkworth.
- Round, in Magna Carta Convmem. Essays, pp. 62 ff.
- e. g. Hephal, held by cornage, fine of court, and a farm of 50«. changed to knight-
service for William Bardolf by John {Testa de Nevill, ii. 771 ; Hardy, Rotuli de Oblatis, p. 61 ; Red Book, p. 713). • • e. g. Dichbum, changed to knight-service by John (Testa de Nevill, u. 771). ' e. g. Rothbury {ibid. ii. 765). ' Red Book, p. 713 ; Bain, Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, ii, no. 632.
- Newminster Cartulary, p. 269 ; charter of Edgar, son of Earl Gospatric, confirming
the grant of part of Beanly made by his father to his sister Juliana on her marriage with Ralph de Merlay. »• Testa de Nevill, ii. 764. » Ibid. ii. 751. " So called because paid at the feasts of St. Cuthbert on 20 March and 4 September. Sometimes this farm was itself called tenagium (Red Book, p. 563). " Bain, i, no. 321 ; ii, no. 632. " The earl did not pay the aid of 1235 (Testa de Nevill, iu 780-1).
