1920 THOMAS HARDING 235 church, and even, according to the reports of the spies, all the plots against its temporal head.^ He was matriculated as member of the university on 7 May 1563,^ and lived in rooms in the parish of St. Gertrude.^ From Louvain he attacked Bishop Jewel's Apologia Ecclesiae Anglicanae of 1562, and published at Antwerp in 1563 his Con- futation of a Book called An Apologie of the Church of England.^ In the following year, 1564, he accepted the famous challenge made by Jewel in his sermon preached at St. Paul's Cross on the second Sunday before Easter 1560,^ and published An Answere to Maister Juelles Challenge. He thus levelled the first blows of the famous controversy in which the refugees of Louvain brilliantly defended their views. That these and similar pam- phlets struck home appears from their having led to ' a severe proclamation that no such book written in English by the Catholick party should be received or read in England under great punishments '.^ The impression made by Harding's work in particular can be gauged from several passages in the sermons of the Anglican bishops ' and in the correspondence of the reformers, as well as in that between Philip II and his ambassador in England.^ As was to be expected, Jewel published A Defence of the Apologie of the Church of England (1564), and attacked his opponent in subsequent pamphlets and in the pulpit, which occasioned the publishing of several replies by Harding : A Detec- tion of Sundry Errors, Slanders, cfcc, in JewelVs Defence of the Apologie, Louvain, 1564 ; Answer touchyng certaine Untruths which Mr. John Jewell charged him with in his late Sermon at PauVs Cross, July 8, 1565, Antwerp, 1565 (in 8vo and in 4to) ; Rejoynder to Mr. JewelVs Reply concerning the Challenge and the Private Mass, Antwerp, 1566 (in 4to) ; A Second Rejoynder to
- Ibid. p. 181 ; Carr^ridge Modern History, ii. 386. The great number of English
divines at work in Louvain must have given the more annoyance, as in the beginning of Elizabeth's reign there were hardly any students in theology in Oxford and none capable of being appointed lecturers (Wood, i. 717, 719).
- Liber Quartus Lititulatorum in Univ. Lovan. 1528-69, fo. 391 (Archives du
Royaume, Bruxelles, Fonds Univ. de Louvain, no. 42).
- He was not at all attached to this parish, as is implied in the article in the D ct.
of Nat. Biogr.
- Lovanii, typis Jois Boegarts, in 4to ; it was reprinted at Antwerp 1565, in 4to
(Wood, i. 139). s Ibid. pp. 132 ff.
- Persons, A Relation of a Trial made before the King of France, an. 1600, between
the Bishop of Evreux and the Lord Plessis Mornay (1604), pp. 53 ff., quoted by Wood. ' Compare passages mentioned in the General Index to the Publications of the Parker Society, Cambridge, 1855, s.v.
- Compare letter of Jewel to H. Bullinger and L. Lavater, 8 February 1566, in
the Zurich Letters, i. 1842, 146-50 ; letters of Guzman de Silva to Philip II, London, 14 and 21 April 1565 ; Philip's answer, 6 June 1565, in Calendar of Letters and State Papers of the Reign of Elizabeth, preserved in the Archives of Simancas, edited by M. A. S Hume, i. 418, 419, 432.
