Page:English Historical Review Volume 35.djvu/343

1920 PARIS AND CHARTRES, 1136-1146 335 origin nothing is recorded, but as he was in time made archdeacon of Coutances and bishop of Avranches he may be presumed to have been like William a Norman. He, too, does not appear in the Metamorphosis Goliae. Thus the negative as well as the positive evidence, defective as it is, points to Chartres rather than Paris as the place where John of Salisbury studied from 1138 to 1140. There is nothing in John of Salisbury's narrative which is irreconcilable with this view. The only difficulty is that he mentions his acquaintance with Adam of the Petit Pont before he informs us of his return (as we understand it) to Paris. But this passage is really of the nature of an appendix to his account of his studies at Chartres, and in it he speaks of the masters and friends with whom he came into relations both earlier and later. Among the earlier are Theodoric and the obscure Hardwin ; among the later, Adam of the Petit Pont and William of Soissons. After this interlude John reverts to the strict order of events and speaks of the masters whom he attended at Paris. VI. John's Later Studies at Paris As John of Salisbury in the Metalogicus was writing a treatise concerned with logic, it is natural that he should pass rapidly over the seven years of his student life in which he was chiefly engaged in theology. He says that he first attended Gilbert of La Porree in logic and theology, and then from 1142 Robert Pullus and Simon of Poissy in succession. But Robert, who was archdeacon of Rochester, did not remain long at Paris ; he departed to Rome, where after a time he was made chancellor. The date of his removal has been variously stated, but it can be fixed pretty closely. It appears from a letter of St. Bernard ^ that he was living at Paris at a time when Cistercian monks had already been sent to Ireland. This was in 1141.^ It has been generally said that Robert received his call to Rome from Innocent II, who died in September 1143, and that he was created cardinal by Celestine II, who held the papal see only until 8 March following. The Annals of Oseney, however, state positively that it was the next pope, Lucius II, who called him to Rome and made him chancellor ; ^ and this is confirmed by a letter from Bishop Ascelin of Rochester to Eugenius III, in which it is expressly said that Robert was still engaged in teaching ^ Epist. ccv : see Mabillon's note ad loc. ' The sending of the monks was arranged when St. Malachy was at Clairvaux in 1140. Dr. Lawlor dates the saint's visits to that place about January and June in that year ; see the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, xxxv. c. 247 (1919) » Ann. Monast. iv. 20, ed. Luard.