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came to be devotedly attached to the study of chemistry. It will be interesting to note here that amongst his fellow-students were Prof. James Walker, F.R.S., now occupying the Chair of Chemistry at Edinburgh and the late Prof. Hugh Marshall, F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry, University College, Dundee. Writing from the University of Edinburgh, under date 5th April, 1888, Prof. Crum Brown states:—
I have known Dr. P. C. Ray since he came to this University in 1882, and have watched his career with much interest. Having laid a sound foundation of general scientific knowledge, he devoted himself especially to Chemistry. He took the degree of B. Sc. in 1885, and that of D. Sc. in 1887. He held the Hope Prize Scholarship in Chemistry during the year 1887-88. He worked in the Chemical Laboratories during the Summer and Winter Sessions, from May 1883 till March 1888, latterly assisting Dr. Gibson and myself in the work of the Laboratory. As much of his work was done under my own observation, I can speak with confidence as to his ability and knowledge. He has an extensive and sound acquaintance with all branches of theoretic Chemistry and is a careful and accurate analyst. He has shown that he has the capacity for original investigation—his thesis for the degree of D. Sc. being a piece of excellent analytical work, well arranged, and thoroughly and conscientiously carried out.
"INDIA BEFORE THE MUTINY"
Although Chemistry literally claimed him as her own, Dr. Ray still continued to be a close student of English politics and of Indian Economics. His Essay on India before and after the Mutiny, written on the eve of his appearance for the B. Sc. Examination at Edinburgh, bears impress of mature study of Indian problems. The essay was warmly appreciated at the time, and principal Sir William Muir pronounced it as "bearing marks of rare ability." The leading newspaper of the Scottish capital, the Scotsman, observed: "It is a most interesting little volume, and we do not profess to wonder in the least that it has earned a considerable amount of popularity. It contains infor-
