Page:Essentials in Conducting.djvu/58

CHAPTER V

Interpretation in Conducting

(Continued)

TEMPO

EXPRESSION IN INSTRUMENTAL MUSICIn the last chapter we discussed expression and interpretation from a general standpoint, closing with certain comments upon the interpretation of vocal music. But it must be admitted at once that expression in instrumental music is a vastly more intricate matter than in the case of vocal music; and in order to get at the subject in any tangible way, it will be necessary for us, first, to analyze music into its expressional elements; second, to decide which of these elements belong exclusively to the composer and which are shared by the interpreter; and third, to examine each of these latter elements in turn from the standpoint of the conductor as interpreter.

THE ELEMENTS OF EXPRESSIONThere are eight elements upon which expression in instrumental music rests. These are:

1. Rhythm⁠	3. Harmony	5. Timbre	7. Tempo
2. Melody	4. Pitch registers⁠	6. Phrasing⁠	8. Dynamics

Of these, the composer is able to indicate exactly the first four, to convey his meaning fairly well in the fifth and sixth, but to give only a relative idea of the seventh and eighth. The interpreter is thus concerned with the first four only as it becomes necessary for him to find out from the notation what the composer intended to