Page:Fabella prevalence rate increases over 150 years, and rates of other sesamoid bones remain constant - a systematic review.pdf/6

6 Fabella: more common than it once was, M. A. Berthaume et al.

Table 2. (continued)

Author	Year	Source	Method	Country	No. of knees	No. of fabellae	Reported prevalence rate (*100)	Adjusted rate (*100)
Zeng et al.	2012	28	X-ray	South Africa	146	22	015.07	015.07
Kato et al.	2012	29	X-ray	Macedonia	60	8	013.33	013.33
Tabira et al.	2012	30	Anatomical	Japan	150	122	081.33	081.33
Dodevski et al.	2012	31	Anatomical	Thailand	372	144	038.71	038.71
Damon	2012	32	Anatomical	Japan	102	70	068.63	068.63
Piyawinijwong et al.	2012	33	Anatomical	China	61	53m	086.89	086.89
Chew et al.n	2014	34	X-ray	Asians	–	–	00–	00–
Chew et al.n	2014	34	MRI	Asians	–	–	00–	00–
Hauser et al.	2015	35	Anatomical	Central Europe	400	105	026.25	026.25
Upasna et al.	2016	36	Anatomical	India	40	5	012.5	012.5
Mohite et al.	2016	37	Anatomical	Indian	60	8	013.33	013.33
Jin et al.	2017	38	X-ray	Turkey	1000	190	019	019
Ghimire et al.	2017	39	X-ray	Nepal	155	19	012.26	012.26
Hedderwick et al.	2017	40	MRI	New Zealand	25	14	056	056
Hedderwick et al.	2017	40	Anatomical	New Zealand	28	8	028.57	028.57
Egerci et al.	2017	41	Anatomical	Japan	16	9	056.25	056.25
Corvalan et al.	2018	42	Anatomical	Australia	111	63	056.76	056.76
Ortega & Olave	2018	43	X-ray	Chile	400	125	031.25	031.25
Tatagari et al.	2018	44	Anatomical	USA	182	52	028.57	028.57
This study	2018		CT scans	Korea	212	94	044.34	044.34

• a Location: Alsace: Germany at the time, now France.
• b 67/529 individuals had fabellae.
• c Estimated 72 fabellae based on an prevalence rate of 17.6%.
• d Estimated 145 fabellae based on an prevalence rate of 14.5%.
• e When translated from characters, the spelling could be Ooi or Oi.
• f Reported location was Aino, taken from Hessen (1946).
• g Reported location was Hokuriku-Japaner.
• h Estimated 83 fabellae based on an prevalence rate of 28.42%.
• i Hessen had 96. Sutro had 81 patients with at least one fabella. 106 patients had roentgenograms of both knees, 16 were bilateral. Therefore, there are 97 fabellae in total.
• j 11/31 individuals had fabellae.
• k Estimated 18 fabellae based on an prevalence rate of 27%.
• l Reports on fabellae in medial head – ignored here, as it is unusually high, particularly given the lack of medial fabellae in other studies.
• m Reports a couple of medial fabellae – not possible to tease them out, prevalence rate may be too high.
• n Prevalence rate of 31.25% (25/80) for individual. Unknown if one or two knees were inspected per individual.
• Sources: ¹Hessen, 1946; ²Parsons & Keith, 1897; ³Pancoast, 1909; ⁴Loth, 1931; ⁵Yano, 1928; ⁶Kaneko, 1966; ⁷Bircher & Oberholzer, 1934; ⁸Sutro et al. 1935; ⁹Lungmuss, 1954; ¹⁰Schönbauer, 1956; ¹¹Kojima, 1958; ¹²Falk, 1963; ¹³Johnson & Brogdon, 1982; ¹⁴Miaskieqicz & Partyka 1934; ¹⁵Sudasna & Harnsiriwattanagit, 1990; ¹⁶Chihlas et al. 1993; ¹⁷Hagihara et al. 1993; ¹⁸Terry & LaPrade, 1996; ¹⁹Yu et al. 1996; ²⁰De Maeseneer et al. 2001; ²¹Munshi et al. 2003; ²²Minowa et al. 2004; ²³Kawashima et al. 2007; ²⁴Raheem et al. 2007; ²⁵Lencina, 2007; ²⁶Silva et al. 2010; ²⁷Phukubye & Oyedele, 2011; ²⁸Zeng et al. 2012; ²⁹Kato et al. 2012; ³⁰Tabira et al. 2012; ³¹Dodevski et al. 2012; ³²Damon, 2012; ³³Piyawinijwong et al. 2012; ³⁴Chew et al. 2014; ³⁵Hauser et al. 2015; ³⁶Upasna et al. 2016; ³⁷Mohite et al. 2016; ³⁸Jin et al. 2017; ³⁹Ghimire et al. 2017; ⁴⁰Hedderwick et al. 2017; ⁴¹Egerci et al. 2017; ⁴²Corvalan et al. 2018; ⁴³Ortega & Olave, 2018; ⁴⁴Tatagari et al. 2018.

50 years old were no more or less likely to have a fabella than were individuals > 50 years old (younger = 23/94, older = 35/118, v2 = 0.7099, P = 4448).

In this study, fabellae ranged in size from small (just a few pixels) to large (Fig. 1). In general, fabellae did not appear to articulate with the lateral femoral condyle. However, the CT scans were acquired postmortem, and soft tissues were severely deformed in most individuals, making it possible that some fabellae would have articulated with the condyle in life but were separated in death. Some large fabellae were still articulated with the posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle, the most drastic of which was observed in female 005 (Fig. 2), which shows a large articulating surface in the femur.

Systematic review

Our searches revealed 2631 abstracts on fabella prevalence rates between 1875 and 2018, written in seven languages (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, and

© 2019 Anatomical Society