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250 FAMOUS LIVING AMERICANS stances of each applicant. He headed the Civic Federation, the Chicago Public Library, and was a member of the State Board of Charities. No man has ever taught more eloquently or emphatically than he that results are correlated to thoughts and that the thinker who first divines an idea is entitled to greater, or at least as great credit, as the man who actually translates it into action. Often in his sermons he has told his congregation that the engineers who conceived the idea of the St. Gothard Tunnel and not the European bankers who purchased the stocks, are the greater servants of humanity. In an age sur- rendered wholly to business, where results are symbols of profit, he punctured the arrogance of business by the pointed lance of this truth, that the thinker precedes the doer. Chi- cago needed the corrective of this truth, for business was growing haughty and was vaunting its prowess. Dr. Hirsch pleaded for the scholar, the thinker — pleaded eloquently for the humble teacher or scientist toiling upward in the night that from his investigations business might profit. In this align- ment with the thinker instead of the doer, with the scholar in contrast to the active man. Dr. Hirsch has been consistently in keeping with the function of his life 's work. No man occupy- ing the pulpit of an American Jewish congregation ever en- tered upon his task with more qualifications or better equip- ment. He has a mind that is keen, receptive, eager, and alert. His memory is the faithful warden of his intellect, unerring and retentive to a wonderful degree. No explanation of the career of Emil G. Hirsch can be writ- ten, however, without referring to the career of his father, Samuel Hirsch, and to the influence he exerted on the thinking and theories of his son. Dr. Samuel Hirsch was a Jewish philosopher and rabbi, living in the Duchy of Luxemburg. As a young man he prepared himself for the profession of book- seller, or librarian, a vocation that required a vast scholar- ship. Samuel Hirsch obtained his Ph. D. degree at a time when most Jewish youths were kept out of university circles by prejudices within their own Jewish communities as well as by prejudices without. Then he became a rabbi in Luxem-