in front of the residence, Fig. 156, flooding was in progress in the furrows between the ridges formed after the previous crop of rice was harvested and upon which the crop of clover for green manure was grown. Immediately at one end of the two series of nursery beds, one of which is seen in Fig. 159, was the pumping plant seen in Fig. 157, under a thatched shelter, with its two pumps installed at the end of a water channel leading from the canal. One of these wooden pump powers, with the blindfolded cow attached, is reproduced in Fig. 158 and just beyond the animal's head may be seen the long handle dipper to which reference has been made, used for collecting excreta.
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Fig. 160.—Plowed field nearly fitted for rice, and the smoothing, pulverizing harrow used for the purpose, Chekiang province, China.
More than a month is saved for maturing and harvesting
winter and early spring crops, or in fitting the fields
for rice, by this planting in nursery beds. The irrigation
period for most of the land is cut short a like amount, saving
in both water and time. It is cheaper and easier to
highly fertilize and prepare a small area for the nursery,
while at the same time much stronger and more uniform
plants are secured than would be possible by sowing in the
field. The labor of weeding and caring for the plants in
