to life than a cut vein. Because of the toughness of the arteries, and because they are located close to the bones, they are less likely to be cut than the veins, which are softer and nearer the surface. The veins begin in capillaries and empty into the auricles; the arteries begin at the ventricles and empty into capillaries; and there is a semi-*lunar valve at the origin of each artery. Cuts and Bruises.—1. Wash a cut under running water. 2. Stop the bleeding. The washing in cold water may do this. Elevating an injured arm or leg will aid the blood greatly in forming a clot at the opening. 3. Bandage firmly with a strip of cloth and sew the end. Keep wet the part of the bandage where the cut is; this lowers the temperature of the wound. It may be necessary to hold a gaping wound closed with strips of surgeon's plaster placed across the cut. A handkerchief folded first into a triangle and then into a narrow bandage is often useful. A cut artery may be known from a cut vein by the brighter color of the blood, and by the flow being stronger at each heart beat, while the flow from a vein is uniform. Pressure to stop the flow of blood from an artery should be applied between the cut and the heart; but when the blood comes from a vein, the pressure should be applied to the side of the cut farthest from the heart.
Apply hot water immediately for several minutes to a bruise. Either a bruise or a cut may be washed with a weak solution of some antiseptic such as carbolic acid. After washing a bruise it may be bound with a cloth soaked in witch hazel or arnica.
The Lymphatic System
This system contains and conveys a liquid called the lymph. It consists of lymph spaces, lymph tubes,
