Page:Frazer (1890) The Golden Bough (IA goldenboughstudy01fraz).djvu/182

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King of Kakongo (West Africa) might not possess or even touch European goods, except metals, arms, and articles made of wood and ivory. Persons wearing foreign stuffs were very careful to keep at a distance from his person, lest they should touch him.[1] The King of Loango might not look upon the house of a white man.[2]

In the opinion of savages the acts of eating and drinking are attended with special danger; for at these times the soul may escape from the mouth, or be extracted by the magic arts of an enemy present. Precautions are therefore taken to guard against these dangers. Thus of the Battas of Sumatra it is said that “since the soul can leave the body, they always take care to prevent their soul from straying on occasions when they have most need of it. But it is only possible to prevent the soul from straying when one is in the house. At feasts one may find the whole house shut up, in order that the soul (tondi) may stay and enjoy the good things set before it.”[3] In Fiji persons who suspected others of plotting against them avoided eating in their presence, or were careful to leave no fragment of food behind.[4] The Zafimanelo in Madagascar lock their doors when they eat, and hardly any one ever sees them eating.[5] The Warua will not allow any one to see them eating and drinking, being doubly particular that no person of the opposite


  1. Proyart, “History of Loango, Kakongo,” etc., in Pinkerton’s Voyages and Travels, xvi. 583; Dapper, op. cit. p. 340; J. Ogilby, Africa (London, 1670), p. 521. Cp. Bastian, Die deutsche Expedition an der Loango-Küste, i. 288.
  2. Bastian, op. cit. i. 268 sq.
  3. J. B. Neumann, “Het Pane-en Bila-Stroomgebied op het eiland Sumatra,” in Tijdschrift van het Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, ii. de Serie, dl. iii., Afdeeling: meer uitgebreide artikelen, No. 2, p. 300.
  4. Th. Williams, Fiji and the Fijians, i. 249.
  5. J. Richardson, “Tanala Customs, Superstitions and Beliefs,” in The Antananarivo Annual and Madagascar Magazine, No. ii. p. 219.