him to keep off the evil spirit. In Calcutta the Bengali clerks in the Government Offices used to wear a small key on one of their fingers when they had been chief mourners.”[1] In the north-east of Scotland immediately after a death had taken place, a piece of iron, such as a nail or a knitting-wire, used to be stuck into all the meal, butter, cheese, flesh, and whisky in the house, “to prevent death from entering them.” The neglect of this precaution is said to have been closely followed by the corruption of the food and drink; the whisky has been known to become as white as milk.[2] When iron is used as a protective charm after a death, as in these Hindu and Scotch customs, the spirit against which it is directed is the ghost of the deceased.[3]
There is a priestly king to the north of Zengwih in Burma, revered by the Sotih as the highest spiritual and temporal authority, into whose house no weapon or cutting instrument may be brought.[4] This rule may perhaps be explained by a custom observed by various peoples after a death; they refrain from the use of sharp instruments so long as the ghost of the deceased is supposed to be near, lest they should wound it. Thus after a death the Roumanians of Transylvania are careful not to leave a knife lying with the sharp edge uppermost as long as the corpse remains in the house, “or else the soul will be forced to ride on the blade.”[5] For seven days
- ↑ Panjab Notes and Queries, iii. No. 282.
- ↑ Walter Gregor, The Folk-lore of the North-East of Scotland, p. 206.
- ↑ This is expressly said in Panjab Notes and Queries, iii. No. 846. On iron as a protective charm see also Liebrecht, Gervasius von Tilbury, p. 99 sqq.; id., Zur Volkskunde, p. 311; L. Strackerjan, Aberglaube und Sagen aus dem Herzogthum Oldenburg, § 233; Wattke, Der deutsche Volksaberglaube2, § 414 sq.; Tylor, Primitive Culture, i. 140; Mannhardt, Der Baumkultus, 132 note.
- ↑ Bastian, Die Völker des ostlichen Asien, i. 136.
- ↑ E. Gerard, The Land beyond the Forest, i. 312; W. Schmidt, Das Jahr und seine Tage in Meinungund Brauch der Romänen Siebenbürgens, p. 40.
