of collecthism on the continent of Europe. I think Senators here know something of the story of Russia under Stalin, of Italy under Mussolinl, and of Germany under Hitler. There is no necessity for anything of that sort happening here; and if it happens here it is going to be because the Congress of the United States is unwilling to do the simple historic things necessary to give business in America and industry in America and private investment in America a fair opportunity to meet the demands of America. Give them a chance.
I will take my seat with one word:
If there is a thing wrong in that statement, strike it out. If there is anything in it that offends you, condemn it. If you have a better paragraph, write it in. But, in God's name, do not do nothing while America drifts down to the inevitable gulf of collectivism. Stand up for the American system of enterprise and the great American principles which have made enterprise what it is. Give enterprise a chance, and I will give you the guaranties of a happy and a prosperous America.
EXECUTIVE SESSION
Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, there is pending before the Senate a treaty which has been delayed in its consideration for several weeks. While we are waiting for the report of the Committee on Banking and Currency—which, I am informed, will complete its labors on the housing bill this afternoon—I desire that we shall have an executive session, in order that the Senator from Utah [Mr. Thomas] may bring up the sugar treaty, in which many Senators are interested.
I move that the Senate proceed to the consideration of executive business.
The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the consideration of executive business.
EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Murray in the chair) laid before the Senate messages from the President of the United States submitting sundry nominations, which were referred to the appropriate committees.
(For nominations this day received, see the end of Senate proceedings.)
EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
Mr. HARRISON, from the Committee on Finance, reported favorably the following nominations:
Passed Asst. Surg. James B. Ryon to be surgeon in the United States Public Health Service, to rank as such from October 14, 1937;
Passed Asst. Surg. Felix R. Brunot to be surgeon in the United States Public Health Service, to rank as such from January 27, 1938;
Senior Surg. Robert H. Heterick to be medical director in the United States Public Health Service, to rank as such from November 22, 1937; and
Asst. Dental Surg. Henry F. Canby to be passed assistant dental surgeon in the United states Public Health Service, to rank as such from November 16, 1937.
Mr. LONERGAN, from the Committee on Finance, reported favorably the nomination of Arthur D. Reynolds, of Minneapolis, Minn., to be collector of internal revenue for the district of Minnesota, in place of James R. Landy, removed.
Mr. BAILEY, from the Committee on Finance, reported adversely the nomination of F. Roy Yoke, of Morgantown, W.Va., to be collector of internal revenue for the district of West Vrrginia, in place of Walter R. Thurmond, resigned.
Mr. VAN NUYS, from the Committee on the Judiciary, reported favorably the nomination of Walter E. Treanor, of Indiana, to be a judge of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, vice Samuel Alschuler, retired.
Mr. McKELLAR, from the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads, reported favorably the nominations of several postmasters.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The reports will be placed on the Executive Calendar.
If there be no further reports of the committees, the clerk will state the first order of business on the Executive Calendar.
POSTMASTERS
Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I note that the first order of business is a treaty. I ask unanimous consent that at this time the nominations of postmasters be confirmed en bloc.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and the nominations of postmasters on the Executive Calendar are confirmed en bloc.
REGULATION OF PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF SUGAR
The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider Executive T (75th Cong., 1st sess.), an international agreement regarding the regulation of production and marketing of sugar and an annexed protocol concerning transitional measures, signed at London on May 6, 1937, which was read the second time, as follows:
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT REGARDING THE REGULATION OF PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF SUGAR
CONTENTS
Preamble.
Chapter I. Definitions.
Chapter ll. General undertakings.
Chapter m. Obligations of countries not exporting to the Free Market.
Chapter IV. Export quotas for the Free Market.
Chapter V. Stocks.
Chapter VI. Establishment of an International Sugar Council.
Chapter VTI. Miscellaneous provisions.
The Governments of—
The Union of South Africa,
The Commonwealth of Australia,
Brazil,
Belgium,
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
China,
The Republic of Cuba,
Czechoslovakia,
The Dominican Republic,
France,
Germany,
Haiti,
Hungary,
India,
The Netherlands,
Peru,
Poland,
Portugal,
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
The United States of America,
Yugoslavia,
In pursuance of the recommendation of the World Monetary and Economic Conference of 1933 that negotiations should continue with a view to establishing and maintaining an orderly relationship between the supply and demand for sugar in the world market;
Considering that the present situation of the sugar market renders it both possible and necessary for the Governments concerned to collaborate to this end;
Bearing in mind the principle laid down by the above-mentioned Conference that any international agreement for the regulation of production and marketing should be equitable both to producers and consumers;
Have agreed as follows:
CHAPTER I.—DEFINITIONS
ARTICLE 1
For the purposes of the present Agreement-
(1) "Ton" means a metric ton of 1,000 kilograms.
"Long ton" means a ton of 2,240 lbs. avoirdupois.
"Short ton" means a ton of 2,000 lbs. avoirdupois.
(2) "Quota year" means the period from the 1st September to the 31st August.
(3) "Sugar" shall be deemed to include sugar in any of its commercial forms, except the product sold as final molasses, and also except the so-called "Goela Mangkok" sugar produced by primitive methods by natives of Java for their own account to which sugar the Government of the Netherlands East Indies does not extend its legislative measures.
The sugar equivalent of exports of the product known as "fancy molasses" from Barbados shall, however, be charged to the export quota of the British Colonial Empire.
The respective export quotas of sugar referred to in this Agreement shall, in the case of cane sugar producing countries, mean
