— GON
521
some parts of the district, reduced the bigha to less than one-third of the settlement standard.
in
The standard weight
throughout the whole district is the 33 rupee of 1233 F., the san Standard weights. rpj^j^ Contains one hundred and ^^^^^ ^^ -^ -^ ^^^^j^^ seventy-two grains, and is reckoned in gandas of six. The ser is unknown, and the panseri the universal unit of measurement. This almost all over the district contains twenty-five of the above gandas of six Farukhabadi rupees, and therefore equals in weight one ser, twelve chhat^ks, 4'1 tolas, or nearly twenty-nine chhataks of Government standard, each ganda being equal to 1146 standard chhatak. This measure, though by far the comIn the great Nawabganj bazar the panseri monest, is not universal. contains twenty-six, and at Colonelganj is sometimes reckoned at twentyeight gandas. In the Bhambhar division to the east of Tulsipur, the panseri contains one hundred and fifty-two or three Farukhabadi rupees, i. e., 25J or 25^ gandas. On the Ikauna boundary it is still larger, reaching as much as twenty-eight gandas. „
^
^
.
for grain
Farukhabadi
For silver the standard of weight is a Lucknow rupee of one hundred and sixty-eight grains. The tola for weighing gold is ten rattis heavier than the English rupee, or 198-755 grains.
The Thatheras used to weigh their vessels by a ser which was about equal The local ser has, however, in this trade to lyth of the standard weight. been almost completely superseded by the Government weight. between the zamindar and the cultivator of capacity, and vary with every threshing-floor; as a rule they contain as much as two men can lift comfortably, or from sixty to ninety English pounds. Grain
is
measured
for division
in large baskets, called pathis.
They have no standard
has been entirely driven out of the market rupee, and is only used for the manufacture of ornaments. Native copper coins still keep their ground. Those in common use are the small Gorakhpuri paisas. Their value is entirely dependent on the price of grain, and varies from sixteen and a half gandas of four in a year of As this copper scarcity to the present rate of twenty gandas to the rupee. coinao'e is purely a subject of speculation to the money-changers and bankers, it is curious that those of other mints than the Gorakhpuri, such as the Maddu Sahi of Baiswara and the Lucknow paisas, are completely
In
silver the native coinage
by the standard
kept out of the circulation.
The paisa is conventionally divided into twenty-five dams, and the constituents of the dam are cowries, the lowest medium of exchange, the value of these oscillating from the same causes, but more violently than that of copper coins. At the highest they go eight gandas of four to the dam, at the lowest sixteen gandas. direct foreign trade in this district takes three distinct directions to Naipdl, to Basti, and by the river route to lower Foreign trade-its Bengal. The frontier of the Naip^l trade is the
The
36
irec loa.
divided from the inhabited plains by a broad belt of forest, and twenty-two miles of eastern frontier
miles of the lower
hills,
