Page:Gazetteer of the province of Oudh ... (IA cu31924073057345).pdf/184

176 КНЕ "The khaliyán and dulukh weighments. The people are not particular about the weight of the stone, and stones are used of different weights in different khaliyáns in the same village. If there haprens not to be a suf- ficient number of these weighing stones ready when needed, 20 difficulty is allowed to arise. A quantity of grain roughly estimated at so many panseris is used instead, and the weighment and division goes on as before ; when the landlord has gathered together all his grain into liis house he weighs it all over again for his own satisfaction. This process is called the " dulukh" or testing, and generally prevails all over this par- gana in batái villages ; there is always a considerable difference between the khaliyán weighment and the dulnkh ; on an average the latter is to the former in the proportion of three to two (one and a half to one)-deor. ha hisáb, or more rarely of five to four (one and one-fourth to one)---sawai hisáb. In kankút villages the difference is much less, down to oply four sers per maund Khaliyán weighments entered in jamábandis.-Of course the du- lukh weighments only show the total amount of produce got by the land- lord, and not the rents of particular fields. It is the khaliyán weighments that are entered in the jamábandis;* therefore, even if they are correctly entered, such entries only approximately show the real amounts of grain received. I am told patwáris were instructed to enter the dulukh weigh- ment for each field : this would be a most troublesome process, necessitat- ing the working out a rule of three sum if several crops grew in one field, and even then, if the patwari was not absolutely certain of the par- ticular ratio existing in any village between the two totals of the khali- yán and dulukh weighments, all his sums would be wrong; and in this matter he is entirely in the landlord's hands, for the dulukh weighments may be, and sometimes are, managed without the interven- tion of the patwári at all. This is specially the case where villages have been given in leases, the thekadars being anxious to conceal their profits frora both patwari and landlord in order to get a renewal of the lease on easy terms. “But this testing process, called the dulukh, is by no means universal. Many landlords or thekadars are too äpathetic to care to know the exact quantity of grain that they have realized in any harvest, and store their grain immediately it comes from the khaliyán without weighing it a second time. “ Mixed kankút and cash rents.—There is a tenure found in this par- gana (as well as in Srinagar and in Nigbásan) which is midway between cash payments and appraisements of crops. The crops are appraised as they stand, but the tenant is allowed to pay the landlord the price in cash of the landlord's share and to remove the crop from the field himself. In such a case the patwári enters the amount of grain appraised, and not the cash paid as the rent of the field. In reckoning the price to be paid for the grain the landlord does not take the ordinary rate current in the vil- lage bazár at the time of harvest. There are two wirkhs formed for the Rent-rolls.