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292 KUR The earliest inhabitants of the pargana are said to have been the Bliars. Tradition assigns to them the founding of Mausar, Ukhri, Chakia, and Chulhia, which they named from four common articles of domestic use- from músal, a pestle, ukhli, a mortar, chakia, a mill, chulha, an oven. But the village of Chúlhia has disappeared. Mausar or Mahsand is built on a very high díh. These Bhars seem to have been contemporaneous with, or to have succeeded to, the Janwárs of Saindur-a village to the north of the pargana on the left bank of the Kalyani. Somehow they seem to have helped in the resistance to Sayyad Masaud's invasion in A.D. 1030. Yet the Musalmans say that they were opposed by no one but Bhars, and different parts of the country, colonized long after this time, seem to have been held only by Bhars. Janwars or Bhars, it is curtain that they are of very old standing in the pargana, and long preceded any of the other Rajput colonies of this district. The Janwárs themselves claim to be of very ancient descent, being content with no less an ancestor than Rája Juját, of the Satya-yug who built Jájmau on the banks of the Ganges. They say that their kingdom extended east to the bills, south to Benares, and west to the Ganges. And that Rájas Básdeo and Suphaldeo, of their linc, fought Sayyad Masaud Gházi at Bahraich, and that Udebhán, at a later date, opposed another of the Delhi emperors. Their possessions extend to this day into the adjoining pargana of Dewa, and their village of Saindúr must at one time have been of great extent. The site of it lies high, overlooking a deep jhíl, from the excavation of which it must have been formed, and is now overgrown with dense jungle, which they look upon as too sacred to be touched. The tribe of Sainduria Rajputs, who have colonized a large tract of country in Sitapur, assert that they are sprung and derive their name from the Rajputs of Saindúr. But at an early date they seem to have been confined to the left bank of the Kalyani; for previous to the first Musalman invasion came the Pari- hárs, who colonized sixty-two villages to the south of the Kalyáni, reach- ing down to Kursi and Mahágáon, in the present Mahona pargana. The Panwárs of the latter place hold some of their villages, but the Parihárs have not forgotten them. The Parihárs fixed their headquarters at Ghugtír, where they built a large fort, and brick-covered dihs of great extent may be seen there still, which mark its site. They gave way, however, before the Musalmans of Kursi—wickedly assisted, as they say, by the Mahona Panwárs, -and were pushed up north to Ahmámau, which they have kept to this day. Then came the Musalman settlement of Salemabad, at whose hands they suffered a further loss. This colony also has disappeared, and it is hard to trace its history. It may perhaps be placed at the commencement of the thirteenth century, for it is said they got a grant of twenty villages from Qutb-ud-din Ibak. The estate was long known as the tappa of Salemabad. Their leader was Sayyad Qásim Hamza of Naishápur. Later on in the line, Sayyad Farid, son of Nizam-ud-dín, married a daughter of Shekh.