HIS 83 The Railwars are those of the large coparcenary community which held the Harharpur estate. They are a branch of the Baundi house (see below). The Kalhans are members of the Chhedwara Thákur family, who have gradually obtained a footing in the pargana, displacing the Sayyads. The main roads that run through this pargana are one from Bahraich to Bahramghat thirty-five miles; a second from Bahraich to Colonelganj thirty-one miles; and a third from Bahramghat to Colonelganj fourteen miles. The first mentioned is an imperial line, and it is about to be metalled. All three lines are much used, the main traffic going by Colonelganj. The chief markets are at Jarwal and Khutgaghát, but at Colonel- ganj, in the Gonda district, is the market most resorted to for wholesale grain transactions. There are minor bazars at Sangana, Kurásar, Kotwa, and Patupur. At Gandhára, the headquarters of the Ambapur taluqdar, a cattle market, well frequented, is held every Thursday. Bahrámpur also has several cloth-merchants' shops, &c., though no open bazar is held here. Government village schools are maintained at:- Boys. Jarwal Bahrámpur Katsar Bhethaura Wairi Kurásar Gulraha Patupur Bahrauli
. 41 78 45 31 79 40 50 20 50 . Total 383 There are district post-offices at Kurásar and Jarwal. The police station is at Kurásar. There is a Government dispensary at Hisámpur, the average annual number of patients being 1,673, the annual cost Rs. 556. The pargana is one of the oldest in the district, and takes its name from the village which was founded by some Ansáris in honour of Hisám-ul- haq, who is said to have been one of the comrades of the crescentader Sayyad Sálár, and to have perished with him in battle. Like the rest of the district, this portion of it at the time of the invasion of Sayyad Sálár was held by the Bhars, who seem to have maintained their position of influence in the country for several centuries subsequent to that event. The Ansáris, an Arab tribe, appear to have been the first perinunent Mu- hammadan settlers in the district. The date of their arrival was probably 1226 A.D., when Nasír-ud-din Muhammad brought Oudh into subjection. They occupied Hisámpur, Pachambar, and Tawakkulpur, and increased their possessions until they had acquired and populated about 250 villages. The Bhars, however, still held their own, and in the reign of Muhammad Tughlaq, the ancestor of the Jarwal Sayyads found great difficulty in obtaining possession of the jágír that had been bestowed on him (see Jarwal town). The Sayyads came originally from Persia, having to flee before Jangez Khan to Khurásán, and ultimately, to Lahore, whence they found their way to Delhi and Bado Sarai in Bara Banki district. The
