QUESTIONS
I. How did the election of Pippin differ essentially from that of earlier German kings ? Why is a monarch approved by the Church more powerful than one elected by the people? Can you give any modern examples of kings by divine right? Why is Charlemagne a heroic figure in medieval history ? How did Charlemagne build up an empire in western Europe ? What is meant by Charlemagne's reestab- lishment of the Roman Empire in the West?
II. How was Charlemagne's empire finally divided after his death? What were the general causes for disorder during the ninth and tenth centuries ? Who were the chief new invaders ? Explain the origin of the medieval nobles. Describe a medieval castle.
III. Describe the conditions which led to the development of the feudal system. What advantages did the lord and the vassal derive from their relationship ? How did the feudal system affect the power of the king ? Why was neighborhood warfare common in this period ? In what ways did the Church attempt to check the constant fighting ?
NOTE. This castle of Pierrefonds, not very far from Paris, was built by the brother of the king of France, about 1400. It has been carefully restored and gives one a good idea of a fortress of the period.
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