Page:General History of Europe 1921.djvu/394

288 General History of Europe Commerce and industry increased the people's wealth and sup- plied the monarchs with the revenue necessary to maintain govern- ment officials and a sufficient army to keep order throughout their realms. They were no longer forced to rely upon the uncer- tain fidelity of their vassals. In short, England and France were both becoming modern states. QUESTIONS I. How did Wales come under the English kings? Describe the struggle of Edward I to gain Scotland. What are the Highlands and the Lowlands of Scotland? II. Give an account of the beginnings of the English Parliament. When were the commons first invited to attend ? Give an account of the growth of the powers of Parliament. How is Parliament con- stituted ? Do you know the relative importance of the role of the House of Lords and the House of Commons today ? III. What was the reason for, and the general course of, the Hundred Years' War? What was the "Black Death"? What condi- tions led to the Peasant Revolt? Who was John Wycliffe? How was the Hundred Years' War brought to a close ? IV. What were the results of the Wars of the Roses? Why did the Estates General fail to become as powerful as the English Parlia- ment ? How did England and France begin to establish strong national governments ?