Page:General History of Europe 1921.djvu/636

48o General History of Europe small, wealthy class, and only the king was to initiate laws. These unjust and tyrannical measures led to the dethronement of the unpopular king by a revolution in Paris in 1830. Louis Philippe, the descendant of Henry IV through the younger, or Orleans, branch of the Bourbon family, was put upon the throne. 1 III. GERMANY AND METTERNICH 849. Reduced Number of States in Germany. The Napoleonic occupation of Germany left permanent results. The consolidation of territory that followed the cession of the west bank of the Rhine to France had, as has been explained, done away with the ecclesiastical states, the territories of knights, and most of the free towns. Only thirty-eight German states, including four towns, were left when the Congress of Vienna took up the question of forming a confederation to replace the defunct Holy Roman Empire. 850. Growing Importance of Prussia. .Prussia was greatly strengthened by the annexation of a part of Saxony and of the Rhine provinces. Moreover, the reforms carried out in Prussia after the battle of Jena by the distinguished minister Stein and his successor, Hardenberg, had done for Prussia somewhat the same thing that the first National Assembly had done for France. The abolition of the feudal social castes and the liberation of the serfs i THE BOURBON KINGS Henry IV Louis XIII (d. 1643) Louis XIV (d. 1715) Louis XV (d. 1774) great-grandson of Louis XIV Louis the Dauphin (d. 1765) Louis X V I (d. 1 793) Louis XV 1 1 1 count of Provence (d. 1824) Louis XVI I (d. 1795) Philip, duke of Orleans Charles X count of Artois (deposed 1830) Louis Philippe I (great-great-grandson of Philip), deposed 1848