Page:General History of Europe 1921.djvu/877

Europe after the World War 655 France as part of the indemnity for her special losses. The Ger- man treaty was followed by agreements with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey. 1182. Changes in the Map of Europe. The map of Europe was greatly changed as a result of the World War. Germany, as we have seen, was considerably reduced in size, and her mil- itary power was carefully restricted. The ancient domain of the Hapsburgs, Austria-Hungary, . was completely disintegrated. Austria acknowledged the complete independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Jugoslavia a new monarchy made up of Serbia, the Croats, Slovenes, and little Montenegro. Ger- man Austria became a small independent republic. Hungary was greatly reduced by the loss of territories which became part of Czechoslovakia, Rumania, and Jugoslavia. To the north of Poland the new independent states of Lithuania, Latvia, Esthonia, and Finland now appeared on the map, created at the expense of the old Russian Empire. Italy now extended to the north and east of the Adriatic, and Greece across the .Egean Sea. The former empire of the Sultan of Turkey was reduced to Constantinople and Asia Minor, and new states seemed to be emerging in the Caucasus, Syria, and Mesopotamia. In general the political divisions on the map now corresponded far more nearly than ever before with racial lines. This is one of the most unmistakable and promising results of the war, as it removes one of the old sources of misunderstandings. II. THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS 1183. Organization of the League of Nations. The first and most important section of the treaty with Germany, however, is the Covenant of the League of Nations, one of the most signifi- cant and far-reaching documents in the history of mankind. The League was to be composed of all those fully self-governing states and colonies in the world that might desire to join. In the be- ginning, however, Germany and her allies were temporarily ex- cluded, and Russia and Mexico were not to be invited to join until