Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/435

This page needs to be proofread.

Nu 3149, the soldiers; דְּבַר הַנָּבִיא the word of the prophet, Jer 289 (but e.g., on the other hand, מִצְוַת אֲנָשִׁים מְלֻמָּדָה a commandment of men which hath been taught, Is 2913; דְּבַר־שָׁ֑קֶר word of falsehood, Pr 2912).

(c) By the addition of a pronominal suffix (see above), e.g. בֵּֽית־אָבִי my father’s house.

(d) By construction with another genitive determined in some way, e.g. Gn 32 מִפְּרִי עֵֽץ־הַגָּן of the fruit of the trees of the garden. Thus in Is 1012 four, and in 21:17 even five, members of a series are determined by a concluding determinate genitive.

 [b Rem. 1. The above explains also the various meanings of כֹּל (prop. a substantive in the sense of aggregate, whole), according as it is followed by a determinate or indeterminate genitive. In the former case כֹּל has the meaning of the entirety, i.e. all, the whole (like the French tous les hommes, toute la ville), e.g. כָּל־הָאָרֶץ the whole (prop. the entirety of the) earth, כָּל־הָֽאָדָם all men;[1] Ex 1822, Nu 1513, Jer 429, and cases like Nu 423, 47, 21:8 where כָּל is followed by a singular participle with the article. On the other hand, before an indeterminate genitive כֹּל is used in the more indefinite (individualizing) sense of of all kinds, any (cf. tout homme, à tout prix), or distributively each, every, e.g. כָּל־עֵץ every (kind of) tree, Gn 29; cf. 4:22, 24:10, 1 Ch 292; כָּל־דָּבָר any thing, Ju 1919; בְּכָל־יוֹם every day, every time, ψ 712.

 [c It is, however, to be observed—

(a) That the article may in this case also (see § 126 h) be omitted in poetic style, although the substantive is to be regarded as determinate, e.g. כָּל־שֻׁלְחָנוֹת all (the) tables, Is 288.

(b) That the meaning every is frequent even before singulars used collectively; afterwards the idea of quisque passes naturally into that of totality, e.g. כָּל־חַי each living thing, i.e. every (not every kind of) living thing; כָּל־בָּשָׂר all flesh, i.e. all men or all living creatures (with the article only in Gn 715 before a relative clause, and in Is 406); sometimes also כָּל־עֵץ all trees, כָּל־עוֹף all birds; finally—

(c) That before the names of members of the human body, כָּל־ frequently (as being determinate in itself) denotes the entirety, e.g. Is 15 the whole head, the whole heart (the sense required by the context, not every head, &c., which the expression in itself might also mean); 9:11, 2 K 233, Ez 297 all (i.e. the whole of) their shoulders... all (the whole of) their loins; 36:5.—On כֹּל with a suffix when it follows a noun in apposition (e.g. Is 98 הָעָם כֻּלּוֹ the people, all of it, i.e. the whole nation, more emphatic than כָּל־הָעָם, cf. Driver on 2 S 29), as well as when it follows absolutely in the genitive (= all men, every one, e.g. Gn 1612),[2] see the Lexicon, pp. 481b, 482b.

 [d 2. Gentilic names (or patronymics), derived from compound proper names (consisting of a nomen regens and genitive), are determined by inserting the article before the second part of the compound (since it contains the original

  1. הָֽאָדָם being a collective, cf. כָּל־הָאִישׁ 2 S 152, all men, כָּל־הַכֵּן Ex 122 all sons, כָּל־הַבַּת all daughters; in itself כָּל־הָֽאָרָם could also mean the whole man.
  2. In Ezr 1017 instead of בַּכֹּל אֲנָשִׁים read simply בְּכָל־הָֽאֲנָשִׁים.