II. Adam (pp. 49–101)
1 Abot 5. 1; ARN 31, 90 (second version 36, 90); Rosh ha-Shanah 32a; BR 17. 1; PR 21, 108 (whence Mahzor Vitry 535); PRE 3; Lekah, Gen. 1.5; Tikkune Zohar 70; the commentators of the Mishnah quoted by Schechter on 2 ARN. The number 10 (on the significance of this number comp. Lekah, loc, cit .; Tehillim 5, 19; Ma'aseh Torah 10) is computed in various ways. In Gen. 1. 3-29 the expression "and God said" occurs only nine times, but the prevalent view is that the very first beginning of creation likewise resulted from God's utterance (on the doctrine of creatio ex nihilo comp. Excursus I), so that there were ten utterances corresponding to the ten acts of creation. The Gnostic Manoismus also speaks of the ten creations; comp. Hippolytus, Haeres., 8. 7. The expression "God's word is an act" occurs frequently in Jewish and Christian writings; comp. BR 44. 22; Tehillim 107, 461-462; Enoch 14. 17; 2 Enoch 33.4; Philo, Sacrif. Caini, 18. Comp, further Apocalypse of Baruch 14. 17; 4 Ezra 6. 38; Heb. 11. 3; 2 Peter 3. 5; Clemens Alexandrinus, Hortatio, 4.
2 Tosefta Sanhedrin 8. 7-8; Babli 38a; Yerushalmi 4 (end). Comp, note 8.
3 Alphabet of R. Akiba 59, whence Rashi borrowed his remark on Gen. 1. 27. This assertion is found much more frequently in Christian sources; comp. Theophilus Ant., Ad Autol., II, 18; Aphraates, 240; Clementine Homilies, II, 52; III, 20; IV, 34 (the last pas¬ sage is a quotation from Is. 41. 20); Athenagoras, Legat., 33; Irenaeus, Haer., 5. 5, 1, and 2. 58 (the hands of God = the Holy Ghost and the Son); Apocalypse of Ezra (beginning); Tertullian, De Resurrectione, 5; Adversus Marcionem, 2; ps.-Tertullian, on Gen. 35-40; Origen, Con¬ tra Celsum, 4, 37 (the biblical passages referring to this subject, as Job 10. 8 and Ps. 119. 73, are not to be taken literally, but have a hidden meaning); Clemens Alexandrinus, Instructor, 1, 3; Emerson, Leg¬ ends of Cain ( Publications of Modern Languages Association of America, XXI, 41) shows the continuance of this conception in Christian literature of the latter part of the Middle Ages. Comp, further Ginzberg, Hag-
