EARLY ARAB GEOGRAPHERS.
of Gwáliár and Kálinjar.[1] Thence to Dhál,[2] of which the capital is Bitúri to the kingdom of Kankyú[3] and Kankara is twenty parasangs. Thence to Asúr; thence to Banawás[4] on the shore of the sea.
From Kanauj, in travelling south-west, you come to A′sí,[5] at the distance of eighteen parasangs ; to Sahína,[6] seventeen; to Chandrá,[7] eighteen; to Rajauri,[8] fifteen; to Narána[9] the capital of
- ↑ There have been lately some speculations hazarded about the fort of Kálinjar not being older that A.D. 1205. Bírúdní's mention of its strong fort in his time makes it two hundred years older, and still leaves its origin indefinite.(See Journal A. S. B. No. 188. p. 172.)
- ↑ [A. and B. have Dhálí.]
- ↑ [Reinaud has, “On arrive aussi à Dhâl dont la capitale est Bitoura. Le prince de ce pays est maintenant Kankyou. On compte de lá au royaume de Kannakara, twenty parasangs.” There is no mention of a prince in our manuscripts, the name may be either personal or local:—A. says
B. agrees, but gives the names 
. C. has .]
- ↑ [Reinaud has “Oupsour” and “Banaouâs,”—the first edition had “I′lsúr” and “Bhawas.” A. and B. have اسور مواس, C. has السور بنواس Banavásí was the name of the capital of the Kadamba dynasty in the Dekhin. Wilson's Mack. Coll. Introd.]
- ↑ M. Reinaud says, without doubt this is the name of the town ordinarily written Hasi. If Hansi of Hariána, as it appears, is meant, it neither corresponds with the distance nor direction. The ruins of Así, or more correctly Asní, are on the banks of the Ganges. It is mentioned in the Tárikh-i Yaminí, and is the place to which the Rájá of Kanauj sent his treasure for security when he was attacked by the Ghorian General, Kutbu-d dín I′bak.
- ↑ [C. has Sahalainá.]
- ↑ This is evidently meant for Chanderí.
- ↑ [So in Reinaud and the first edition, A. has موري, or ھوري, B. اھوݫي, C. اجوري.]
- ↑ [Elliot read the name “Naraya” and “Niraya”. Reinaud has “Bazâna,” but he adds—“le manuscrit porte en quelques endroits Narána.” MS. A. is tolerably consistent in reading Barána; B., C., and D. are generally without points, but C. has Narána in one place, and D. Tarána, Reinaud's translation differs,—It proceeds, “Cette ville est celle que nos compatriotes, appellent Narayana; commé elle a ete detruite, les habitants se sont transporte és dans un lieu plus reculé.” Narána is probably a contraction of Náráyana and the right name. Sir H. Elliot considered it “one of the most interesting places in the North-Western provinces to identify in the pages of Bírúní, on account of its being so frequently mentioned” as a point of departure of several Itineraries. He thought it to be represented by the modern
mitted a little faux pas with the moon in human shape, and as a self-imposed punishment for her indiscretion, held a Banda jag, a part of which ceremony consists in sculpturing indecent representations on the walls of temples, and holding up one’s foibles to the disgust and ridicule of the world. Hamotí was the daughter of Hemráj, spiritual adviser to Indraji, Gaharwár Raja of Benares.
