CHAPTER II
THE EVOLUTION OF PORTAGES
FROM every point of view the portages of America, considered historically, were most important, because by reason of their strategic position they were coigns of vantage for military operations.
Picture the continent at the opening of the culminating phases of the Old French War in 1740–1760. For nearly two centuries military and civil officials, missionaries and traders had been passing to and fro on the Ottawa, St. Lawrence, and Richelieu, through Canada, Illinois, and Louisiana, erecting forts and establishing chapels and trading stations. Little by little the English settlements had crept back into the interior. Ten score of portage paths had been traversed; forts and blockhouses had been built, captured, burned, and rebuilt. Flying parties of French had swooped down into New York, and English and
