Page:History of Art in Phrygia, Lydia, Caria and Lycia.djvu/158

142 HISTORY OF ART IN ANTIQUITY. Alexander, took a long time in gaining a foothold in the more distant provinces of Asia Minor, and was finally completed by the proconsols, praetors, and procurators of Rome, when the whole country, swampy steppes and hilly range, was intersected by military routes. In taking up, then, monuments so very much later than the fall and consequent loss of independence of the Phrygian kingdom, we have not outstepped the limits within which must be confined this part of our History of Art. Study of the little that remains of their fortresses and sanctuaries will bring out with even greater force and vividness the truly archaic and original character of the civilization under notice. Fortress of 'Pishmish Kalessi RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE. Neither in Phrygia nor Cappadocia are found traces of temples constructed with a view of placing in them the image of the deity. But as in Pterium, here also, sanctuaries and fortresses, steps leading to them, sacrificial altars, along with the divine simulacrum, to which was addressed the homage of the multitude, seem to have been wholly rock-cut. The more important of these sanctuaries are open to the sky ; but it seems not improbable that temples, or, to be accurate, sub- terraneous chapels, also obtained. There is reason, we think, to recognize as places of worship a certain class of monuments which at the outset were supposed to be tombs, but in which dispositions appear ill in accord with the hypothesis of a sepulchral function. Thus southward of the ravine locally called Doghanlou Deresi (the Hawk Valley) shoot up broad masses of rock bounded by a perpendicular cliff, in the depth of which monumental fa9ades, akin to that bearing the name of Midas, have been cut (Fig. 100). 1 Legend of map : A, tomb figured by Texier, Plate LVIII. ; B, Midas monu- ment; c, masses of rock honeycombed with graves; D, tomb (Fig. 72); L, other tombs (Fig. 123). FIG. 100. Valley of Doghanlou and town of Midas. Explor. Archt., " Itineraires," Feuille C. 1