Page:History of Art in Phrygia, Lydia, Caria and Lycia.djvu/258

242 HISTORY OF ART IN ANTIQUITY. scattered up and down in history, or the magnitude of the ruins still to be seen, or the name of Sart, which, handed down by tradition, is applied to a few huts, the sole representatives of the once great centre. The most frequented route of all those that descend from the Phrygian uplands, the "royal highway" of Herodotus, 1 as it emerges from the ravines of the Hermus, towards the flat level, is met, nearly oppo- site, by Mount Tmolus, whose highest ridge faces south and bounds the plain ; whilst in the direction of the north-west it throws out a long narrow counter - fort, whose abrupt kilometres from FlG. 153. Site and ruins of Sardes. Topographical sketch. CURTIUS, Beitrdge zur Geschichte und Topographic Kleinasiens, Plate V. 2 and almost vertical slopes are about five or six the river. 3 A low hill connects this spur with the mountain mass ; 1 Herodotus, v. 52. 2 Legend of map : a, hut ; b, coffee-house and grocer's shop ; c, piers of ancient bridge ; d, rubbish heaps ; e, church (ancient gymnasium) ; f, church ; g, theatre ; h, stage (stadium) ; i, vaulted double door ; k, ruin, Lower Empire ; /, substructures ; m, odeum (?) ; n, gibbet facing the Acropolis ; o, upper citadel ; /, advanced works of citadel ; q, substructures of temple ; r, supporting walls ; s, remains of city wall ; /, temple said to be of Cybele ; w, bearings of tomb of Alyattes. 8 Our description is chiefly borrowed from E. CURTIUS, Beitrdge zur Geschichte und Topographic Kleinasiens : Sardes, pp. 84-88 (Abhandlungen of the Berlin Academy, 1872). See also TEXIER, Asie Mineure, 8vo, pp. 252, 253 ; STARK, Nach dem Griechischen Orient, Reise-Studien, 8vo, 1874 ; SAYCE, Notes from Journeys in the Troad and Lydia, pp. 86, 87 (Hell. Studies, 1880) ; J. SCHMIDT, Aus Constantinople und Kleinasien, pp. 150-153 (Mittheilungen d. d. archtz. Inst. Athens, 1881. A plan of Sardes, forming part of an unfinished and undated work, despite jerky and indifferent execution, has likewise furnished some curious documents (TREMAUX, Explor. arche. en Asie Mineure, Hachette). Useful information was also had from Gregorovius's account of a visit paid in 1882 to the ruins of Sardes, containing a brilliant sketch of the history of Lydia, and a graphic description of its physical