Page:History of Art in Primitive Greece - Mycenian Art Vol 2.djvu/467

410 Primitive Greece: Mycenian Art. western coasts of Asia Minor, Rhodes, and Cyprus, including the Ionian islands, Eastern Italy, and Sicily (Figs. 490, 491), are scantily represented. One is even reported to have been carried by trade to Spain in ancient times.* Such vases not only furnished the graves of the islands of the Archipelago, but also those at Kalymnos and Carpathos, whence have come examples in every respect as remarkable as the lalysos and Mycenae wares.- The earliest excavations at Hissarlik yielded hardly any pottery of this style ; but in 1890, and especially 1893, entire lustrous vases (Fig. 492), and sherds without number, were dug up ; one and all are distinguished by decorations and technique proper to Mycenian ceramics.^ The fragments in question are found in the stratum which corresponds with the third settlement, eg. the citadel that rose on the ruins of the burnt city. The last campaign has cleared considerable portions of the castle wall, and shown that the third city extended over a much larger area, and therefore was more important than had been deemed possible at first. Furthermore, comparison between the vases has proved that we should consider the third citadel as coeval with the Mycenae of the first known period, and coinciding with the dynasty buried in its acropolis, whose wealth and influence harmonize with the part which tradition attributed to the Atridae. In this view of the case, we should have here the real Homeric Pergamus. Were the fragments which we find mixed with the ruins of Ilium supplied by Mycenae ere she besieged and destroyed it? Shall we admit, with MM. FurtwSngler and Loeschke, that all or almost all the vases that ^ On Mycenian vases discovered at Oria, in the territory of Otranto, see MykeniscJu Vasen ; for Sicily, ibidem ; and above all, the researches of P. Orsi, which he prosecuted in the Plemmirion peninsula, near to Syracuse, and which he published partly in the Bollettino di paletnoiogia italica^ isth, i6th, and 17th years, partly in the Monumenti antichi delV Acccutemia dei Lincei^ i893' We shall deal elsewhere with the results of these discoveries. 2 The vase to which I refer was pointed out to me by Furtwangler. It consists of a box and cover belonging to the latter end of Mycenian fabrication. It is figured in Gascon de Golos' work, published at Saragosa. The author connects said box, but erroneously, with the Ceramica Iberica^ for the character of this antiquity is unmistakable. The place where it was found is not specified, but it was somewhere in Spain. ^ Paton, Vases from Calymnos and Carpathos {Hellenic Studies^ 1887). Accord- ing to Furtwangler (February meeting of the Archaeological Society, Berlin, 1888) the vases from Carpathos belong to the third style of glazed pottery, and those from Kalymnos to the fourth style, which is seldom seen outside of Mycenae.