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394

PIONEERS AND FOREIGN RELATIONS.

canoes, a yawl, and two kanakas, they visited Point Concepcion and the channel islands. Soon, however, they started inland with a larger party to trap on Kings River in October. In 1833 Young trapped up to Klamath Lake and back, then made a short trip to the Gila and Colorado, and went to Oregon with horses in 1834. He lived and died in Oregon, making several visits to California to buy live-stock in later years. The presence of 'Joaquin Jóven' and his hunters is noted in the archives.^[1] George Nidever with Yount at first hunted on the north side of San Francisco Bay and at the mouth of the San Joaquin, and later with Sill and others on the southern coast and Santa Bárbara islands under Captain Dana's license.^[2] This hunting under another's license was a common method of evading the spirit of the laws, and avoiding inconvenient delays; and it was profitable to the holder of the document, who exacted a large percentage of the skins taken, having it in his power to effect a confiscation of all in case of non-compliance with his demands. Job Dye represents himself as having lost five months' time and all the skins he had taken, by venturing to question Don Roberto Pardo's system of dividing the spoils.^[3] He later hunted in partnership with the padre of San Luis Obispo, and then made a trip

↑ Elsewhere in this chapter I notice Young's departure for Oregon, with Hall J. Kelley. Oct.-Nov. 1833, a party of S. José vecinos out in search of stolen horses met Jóven's party in the valley, and recovered 27 animals, though there were many more which he would not give up. Young also visited S. José with 4 of his men. The S. José party, under Sebastian Peralta, killed 22 Moquelumnes on this expedition. S. José, Arch., v. 27; Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Pref. y Juzg., MS., v. 45-6. In June 1833 Vallejo writes that 7 foreign fugitives from Monterey had passed on toward the Columbia with stolen horses. One named Oliver was found sick at Suisun, and said his companions had gone on to join Joaquin Jóven. Vallejo, Doc., MS., iii. 55.
↑ Brown, Narrative, MS., 27-8, mentions the operations of Yount and Nidever in S. F. Bay. Capt. Cooper and other foreigners got licenses to hunt in 1833-4, on condition that not over one third of their crews should be foreigners; but on one occasion Castro and Estrada were authorized to complete their crews with foreign sailors. Dept. St. Pap., MS., iii. 76, 144-5, 157-8, 167, 187-9; Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxxi. 3, 18.
↑ In 1831 Victoria revoked Ortega's license because he allowed foreigners to hunt under it. Dept. Rec., MS., ix. 1, 42, 80-1.

[1] Elsewhere in this chapter I notice Young's departure for Oregon, with Hall J. Kelley. Oct.-Nov. 1833, a party of S. José vecinos out in search of stolen horses met Jóven's party in the valley, and recovered 27 animals, though there were many more which he would not give up. Young also visited S. José with 4 of his men. The S. José party, under Sebastian Peralta, killed 22 Moquelumnes on this expedition. S. José, Arch., v. 27; Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Pref. y Juzg., MS., v. 45-6. In June 1833 Vallejo writes that 7 foreign fugitives from Monterey had passed on toward the Columbia with stolen horses. One named Oliver was found sick at Suisun, and said his companions had gone on to join Joaquin Jóven. Vallejo, Doc., MS., iii. 55.

[2] Brown, Narrative, MS., 27-8, mentions the operations of Yount and Nidever in S. F. Bay. Capt. Cooper and other foreigners got licenses to hunt in 1833-4, on condition that not over one third of their crews should be foreigners; but on one occasion Castro and Estrada were authorized to complete their crews with foreign sailors. Dept. St. Pap., MS., iii. 76, 144-5, 157-8, 167, 187-9; Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxxi. 3, 18.

[3] In 1831 Victoria revoked Ortega's license because he allowed foreigners to hunt under it. Dept. Rec., MS., ix. 1, 42, 80-1.

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