there were about 1,000 of the ex-neophytes at mission, pueblos, and ranchos more or less under control of local authorities. Secularization began here as at San Diego with Figueroa's experimental emancipation in 1833, resulting in the forming of an ex-neophyte pueblo at Las Flores, with but a small population. The final secularization was accomplished in November 1834 by Captain Portilla as comisionado, and Pio Pico remained in charge as majordomo and administrator until succeeded by José A. Estudillo in August 1840.[1] After the securalization the decline in pop-
- ↑ Chron. summary of events at S. Luis Rey during the decade: Echeandía's preliminary agitations here as at S. Diego. For gen. account of secularization, see chap. xi., xii., this vol., and chap. ii., vol. iv. 1831: Gov. Victoria at S. Luis, departure of P. Peyri. This vol., p. 183, 210. Julio César, Cosas de Ind., MS., 4, says that one of the neophyte boys carried away by Peyri came back to Cal. in later years. 1832: Echcandía at S. Luis, writings against Zamorano, Ind. ready to fight, meeting of the diputacion. This vol., p. 225-7 Capt. Pablo de la Portilla appointed comisionado by Echcandía. Id., 326. 1833: Portilla continued in office. His efforts at emancipation under Figueroa's instructions. Small results. Id., 330-2. Feb., Com. Portilla needs 15 or 20 men to prevent disorders among the Ind. on account of the division of lands. Dept. St. Pap., Pref. y Juzg., MS., v. 76. Oct., Rosario Aguilar, majordomo at Pala, knocked down and left for dead by Simon, an Ind., who was arrested. S. D. Arch., MS., 20.
1834: Great slaughter of mission cattle; 5,700 head killed on shares from May to July, the mission getting half the hides and tallow. This vol., p. 348-9. In July, after the slaughter was well advanced, permission was asked of the dip. Leg. Rec., MS, ii. 148-51, 163. Estudillo, Datos, MS., 33-4, puts the number killed at about 20,000. In Sept., Oct., a part of the Híjar and Padrés colony were at S. Luis. This vol., 267-8. Some of them accused of inciting a revolt. Id., 281. Actual secularization in Nov., Portilla receiving the property from P. Fortuni. Id., 316. Besides trouble caused by
27,500 in 1832; horses 2, 226 in 1828; mules 345 in 1828; asses 5 in 1827; sheep 28,913 in 1828; goats 1,300 in 1832; swine 372 in 1819; all kinds 58,767 in 1828. Total product of wheat 114,528 bush., yield 9 fold; barley 94,600 bush., yield 16 fold; corn 101,412 bush., yield 182 fold; beans 10,215 bush., yield 23 fold.
Miscell. statistics of 1831-40. Accounts of 1834 as rendered by P. Fortuni to Capt. Portilla: assets $46,613, debts $14,429. St. Pap. Miss., MS., xi. 53. 1835: Inventory Aug. 22d; valuation $203,737; debts $93,000; the church 64x10 varas, of adobes, tile-roofed, floor of clay, board ceiling, 9 doors, 18 windows, 4 adjoining rooms, all valued at $30,000, included in the total, as also the 6 ranchos valued at $40,437, the most valuable being Pala, Sta Margarita, and S. Jacinto. Id., vi. 10-11. Jan., May, nothing but cattle for the needy troops of S. Diego. St. Pap., Sac., MS., x. 4; xiv. 44. 1839: Lists of debts amounting to $15,656 in May and $14,639 in Aug. The largest creditors were Juan Ebbetts, J. A. Menendez, Thos Shaw, P. Fortuni, Thos Park, John Temple, P. Ibarra, and Pio Pico. Pico, Pap. Miss., MS., 47-51, 57; Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxxiii. 12. Long list of debtors owing from $3 to $173, or 1 to 30 beasts, each. Pico, Pap., 53-5; Bandini, Hist. Cal., MS., 9-10; Osio, Hist. Cal., MS., 218-20; and Julio César, Cosas de Ind., MS., 1-2, give some particulars about the mission ranchos, without definite dates or figures, agreeing in substance with information given on p. 555 of vol. ii.
