EXTENT OF KIN ElfPIEE. 257 been nominated governor of the eastern^ capital (Eaifung). At one time he laid an ambush, and gained a most signal victory. M eiho, however, had his revenge after ; but so much did he suffer himself, that he did not again march eastwards, contenting himself with taking the cities west of Kaifung. But Dsua died in August 1128, after having over twenty times vainly prayed the new emperor to return to his proper capital, in order that he might re-assure the minds of the people. In January 1130, a new Chinese general, Yao Fei, appears on the scene after all Kiangsi had fallen to Ein. He repeatedly defeated them ; and on one occasion he set fire to their camp, — gaining a most thorough victory over them in the ensuing confusion. Another officer, Shijoong, at the head of 8000 men, kept 100,000 (!) of the Kin at bay for forty-eight days, and at last completely defeated them. Such were the losses sustained by the Ean in their expeditions south of the Yangtsu, that after this year they did not again attempt to cross it; and the Yangtsu became the real boundary of the Ein and South Sung empires, as the Yellow River had separated the Liao and Sung. The southern empire was in every part of it infested with robbers, and the law and magistrate were wholly inadequate to cope with the evil The emperor, therefore, instituted a system of universal police, similar to that which put down robbery in England. Each twenty-five families were formed into a Bao or "securily,** with a chief; sixteen Bao formed one Doo or "capital," over which there was a "Doo Bao and "Baojang," or chief of the Baos. These were responsible for the peace of their own districts ; and the measure was so far successful We have now got the Niijun family firmly seated on the throne of their extensive empire,* extending from tJie Amoor to
- Geographical notes are interesting to some readers, and most people like to
localise the origin of great historical devdopments. To gratify this interest as far as possible, the f ollonnng notes are given, culled from the Manchu Great Imperial Dictionary, the History of liaotong, the Holy Wars, Chinese General History and the History of the Kin. All accounts agree in placing the original seat of the Kin In the same locality as that occuined long before by their predecessors the Bohai and Y]low,~at the headwaters of the Hoorha and the Songari, and to the north of R
