UNIVEESAL ANAHCHT. 23 Lowban, the son of Chin lijii, late King of Woohwun, was but a child, and the government devolved upon his illegitimate elder brother Tadun, who was made Regent After the victory, all the- leaders were rewarded by the " Emperor " with titles — that of 8ha/nyily with its proper official seal, being given to Tadun and the other chiefs. This is another and conclusive proof that these men were aborigines, for only the Hiwngnoo, or Huns, ie., the ancestors of the present Mongols, had ever adopted the title of Shanyii, which, in their language, signified exactly what Whangdi does to the Chinaman ; for the Shamyil is " King of Kings." In 204, Liaotung was equally disordered with China proper. Many officials, some lately appointed by the Emperor, others self-elected, threw off all restraint, and acted every man for himself, saying that the Emperor had ceased to be emperor; and it was true, for he could not cut off the heads of these men. From time immemorial it has been, and continues to be, believed in China, that when evils, such as were countless then, are poured out upon the country, it is because Heaven has forsaken the existing dynasty, and does not recognise the reigning Emperor as the "Son of Heaven. One of them, who said that the Emperor was no Son of Heaven, stated there were over a million of soldiers in motion in Liaotung alone, i.«., in attack and defence, plundering and saving. This is not impossible, as Liaotung had then been under Han rule for three centuries; and the history of Liaotung under the present dynasty shows a similar increase of population in two centuries, having risen from a few fugitives skulking among deserted villages to be a crowded country of twenty millions of souls. Fooyu and Whimai were also under arms, which they did not allow to rust. Over 100,000 Chinese families had fled across the border to Woohung, to escape the terrible anarchy of their native land. Woohung marched south and plundered the regions of Chiicnchow.* To stop those northern ravages, Tsao Tsao, a Han General, collected a large army; but in marching north he
- 40 li Bouth-east of the modem Wooching hien of Pekiiig.
