30 CHAOSIEN. unable to control himself, but shed tears profusely; a most notable and noteworthy matter for a Chinaman. Before leaving Woo, we may note here that cash of 16 joo weight, and one and a half inch wide, each counting 1000 small cash, were cast by this dynasty. The Han dynasty had frequently cast woo joo, or 5 joo cash. There are 24 joo to the Chinese lia/ng or oz., which is now equal to 1.33 oz. avoirdupois. Each joo was subdivided into 20 equal /un or parts. From the specimens of those cash still in existence, we find that good copper was then used instead of the inferior brass metal of modem times .♦ Though Yuen had sent to Wei the heads of Woo ministers, he had not given his own heart, which was considered of more consequence. Therefore, in 237, Wei despatched an army of 40,000 men from Changan, the capital, towards Liaotung, — ^the commander in chief of Wei forces being left in charge of Changan against the possible attack of the kingdom of Tsu. During the preceding year the Tsushu of Towchow, Ma Chiwjien, was ordered against Yuen to chastise him for the insolently independent language he was always uttering. This expedition was sent, like the first, against the earnest remonstrances of the best ministers, who considered it both impolitic and imprudent to notice Yuen, when the powerful states of Woo and Tsu were butting the southern side of WeL Jien, however, got to Yowchow, raised an army, and summoned Hienbi and Woohung to his side. Reinforced by these, he marched eastwards and camped south of the city of Liaotung. In reply to the message sent him to yield, Yuen marched out, and drew up over against Jien at Liaoswi f Men, at the junction of the great and small Liao rivers. It was August, and the rainy season of Liaotung. It had rained for ten days, and rained as it only can where it rains but seldom, and has to make up for
- The kingdom of Woo Included the modem Eiangsu and Chikiang provinoes, In
the south of China. f This must have been on the east side of the river, at the present iSdncAa Ao, west of Newchwang, where the "outer" and "inner" Liao unite.
