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SICILIAN AFFAIRS. -GELO AND HIS DYNASTY. 229 ing island of Pithekusa. Anaxilaus, despot of Rhegium and Messene, had attacked, and might probably have overpowered, his neighbors, the Epizephyrian Lokrians ; but the menaces of Hiero, invoked by the Lokrians, and conveyed by the envoy Chromius, compelled him to desist.' Those heroic honors, which in Greece belonged to the oekist of a new city, were yet want- ing to him ; and he procured them by the foundation of the new city of -^tna,- on the site and in the place of Katana, the inhab- itants of which he expelled, as well as those of Naxos. While these Naxians and Katanjeans were directed to take up their abode at Leontini along with the existing inhabitants, Hiero planted ten thousand new inhabitants in his adopted city of xEtna: five thousand from Syracuse and Gela, — with an equal number from Peloponnesus. They served as an auxiliary force, ready to be called forth in the event of discontents at Syracuse, as we shall see by the history of his successor : he gave them not only the territory which had before belonged to Katana, but also a large addition besides, chiefly at the expense of the neigh- boring Sikel tribes. His son Deinomenes, and his friend and confidant, Chromius, enrolled as an -lEtnfean, became joint ad- ministrators of the city : its religious and social customs were assimilated to the Dorian model,^ and Pindar dreams of future relations between the despot and citizens of ^tna, analogous to those between king and citizens at Sparta. Both Hiero and Chromius were proclaimed as -^tnaeans at the Pythian and Ne,- sented by Hiero to the Olympic Zeus : see Boechk, Corp. Inscriptt. Grcec. No. 16, part i, p. 34. ' Diodor. xi, 51 ; Pindar, i, 74 (= 140) ; ii, 17 (= 35) with the Scholia; Epicharmus, Fragment, p. 19, ed. Krusemann ; Schol. Pindar. Pyth. i, 98 ; Strabo, V, p. 247. - lipuv olKiGTTjg uvTC Tvpuvvov (iov7.6 jXEVoq elvat, KaTuvTjv efe/lwi' AiTvrjv fieruvoiiaaE ttjv ■kq7.lv, iavrdv oiKioTriv Trpoaayopevaag (Schol. ad Pindar. Nem. i, 1). Compare the subsequent case of the foundation of Thurii, among the citizens of which violent disputes arose, in determining who should be recognized as cekist of the place. On refening to the oi'acle, Apollo di- rected them to commemorate himself as oekist (Diodor. xii, 35). ^ Chromius ^m'-po-of ttjq AtTv;?? (Schol. Pind. Nem. ix, 1). About the Dorian institutions of ^tna, etc., Pindar, Pyth. i, 60-71. Deinomenes survived his father, and commemorated the Olympic victo- ries of the latter by costly offerings at Olympia (Pausan. vi, 12, 1 ).