GRECIAN CONFEDERACY UNDER ATHENS. 347 Peloponnesian allies.i After the victory of (Enophyta, the Athenians had broken up the governments in the Boeotian cities established by Sparta before the battle of Tanagra, and converted them into democracies at Thebes and elsewhere. Many of the previous leading men had thus been sent into exile : and a* the same process had taken place in Phocis and Lokris, there v/as at this time a considerable aggregate body of exiles, Boeotian, Phocian, Lokrian, Euboean, ^ginetan, etc., all bitterly hostile to Athens, and ready to join in any attack upon her power. We learn farther that the democracy ,2 established at Thebes after th^? battle of CEnophyta, was ill-conducted and disorderly : which circumstances laid open Boeotia still farther to the schemes of as- sailants on the watch for every weak point. These various ex- iles, all joining their forces and concerting measures with their partisans in the interior, succeeded in mastering Orchomenus, Chaeroneia, and some other less important places in Boeotia. The Athenian general, Tolmides, marched to expel them, with one thousand Athenian hoplites and an auxiliary body of allies. It appears that this march was undertaken in haste and rashness : the hoplites of Tolmides, principally youthful volunteers, and be- longing to the best families of Athens, disdained the enemy too much to await a larger and more commanding force : nor would the people listen even to Perikles, when he admonished them that the march would be full of hazard, and adjured them not to attempt it without greater numbers as well as greater caution.3 Fatally, indeed, were his predictions justified. Though Tolmides was successful in his first enterprise, — the recapture of Chsero- neia, wherein he placed a garrison, — yet in his march, probably ' Thucyd. i, 19. AaKeSai/ioviot, ovx vnorelelg txovreg <p6pov Toi)^ ^vfifia- Xovc, liar' d?i.cyapxiav 6s a^'iaiv avrolg jiovov entTr/Ssiuc o;rwf noXcrevaovm ■depanevovrec — the same also i, 76-144.
- Aristotel. Politic, v, 2, 6. Kal iv OrjISai; (ietu tt/v h> Olvo(pvToig fiaxr^v,
KOKug TTo'kirevonEVfjv, rj drjuoKparia 6i.E<l>'&up7], ^Plutarch. Perikles, c. 18; also, his comparison hetween Perikles and Fahius Maximus, c. 3. Kleinias, father of the celebrated Alkibiades, was slain in this battle : he had served, thirty-three j'ears before, at the sea-fight of Artemisium: he cannot therefore be numbered among the youthful warriors, though a rerson of the first rank (Plutarch, Alkibiad. c. 1 ).
