132 HISTORY OF GREECE. saddened the last years of hia long life. On the contrary, tht condition of Syracuse grew worse instead of better. The youn- ger Dionysius contrived to effect his return, expelling Hipparinus and Nysseus from Ortygia, and establishing himself there again as master. As he had a long train of past humiliation to avenge, his rule was of that oppressive character which the ancient pit>- verb recognized as belonging to kings restored from exile. 1 Of all these princes descended from the elder Dionysius, not one inherited the sobriety and temperance which had contributed so much to his success. All of them are said to have been of drunken and dissolute habits 2 Dionysius the younger, and his eon Apollokrates, as well as Hipparinus and Nysajus. Hipparinus was assassinated while in a fit of intoxication ; so that Nysajus became the representative of this family, until he was expelled from Ortygia by the return of the younger Dionysius. That prince, since his first expulsion from Syracuse, had chiefly resided at Lokri in Italy, of which city his mother Doris was a native. It has already been stated that the elder Dionysius had augmented and nursed up Lokri by every means in his power, as an appurtenance of his own dominion at Syracuse. He had added to its territory all the southernmost peninsula of Italy (compre- hended within a line drawn from the Gulf of Terina to that of Skylletium,) once belonging to Rhegium, Kaulonia, and Ilippo- nium. But though the power of Lokri was thus increased, it had ceased to be a free city, being converted into a dependency of the Dionysian family. 3 As such, it became the residence of the second Dionysius, when he could no longer maintain himself in vSyracuse. We know little of what he did ; though we are told that he revived a portion of the dismantled city of Rhegium un- der the name of Phcebia. 4 Rhegium itself reappears shortly afterwards as a community under its own name, and was prob- ably reconstituted at the complete downfall of the second Dio- nysius. J Plutarch, Timoleoi, c. 1. Rcgnabii; sanguine multo Ad regnum quisquis venit ab exilio.
- Aristotle and The< pompus, np. Athenaeum, x. p. 435, 436 ; Theopurap
Frugm. 146, 204, 213, ed. Didot. 3 Aristotel. Politic, v. 6. 7. * Strabo vi p. 258.
