40 HISTCR? OF GREECE. rounded by a separate wall of its own or perhaps may hatt been so surrounded a few years earlier, though we know that it was unfortified and open during the attack of Imilkon in 396 B. c. 1 At the time, probably, the fort at the Euryalus was enlarged and completed to the point of grandeur which its present remains indicate. The whole slope of Epipolse became thus bordered and protected by fortifications, from its base at Achradina to its apex at Euryalus. And Syracuse now comprised five separately for- tified portions, Epipoke, Neapolis, Tjohe, Achradina, and Orty- gia ; each portion having its own fortification, though the four first were included within the same outer walls. Syracuse thus be- came the largest fortified city in all Greece ; larger even than Athens in its then existing state, though not so large as Athens had been during the Peloponnesian war, while the Ph'aleric wall was yet standing. Besides these extensive fortifications, Dionysius also enlarged the docks and arsenals so as to provide accommodation for two hundred men of war. Pie constructed spacious gymnasia on the banks of the river Anapus, without the city walls ; and he further decorated the city with various new temples in honor of different gods. 2 Such costly novelties added grandeur as well as security to Sy racuse, and conferred imposing celebrity on the despot himself. They were dictated by the same aspirations as had prompted his ostentatious legation to Olympia in 384 B. c. ; a legation of which the result had been so untoward and intolerable to his feelings. They were intended to console, and doubtless did in part console, 1 Diodor. xiv. 63. It was in the construction of these extensive fortifi cations, seemingly, that Dionysius demolished the chapel which had been erected by the Syracusans in honor of Diokles (Diodor. xiii. 635). Serra di Falco (Antichita di Sicilia, vol. iv. p. 107) thinks that Dionysius constructed only the northern wall up the cliff of Epipolse, not the southern. This latter (in his opinion) was not constructed until the time of Hiero II. I dissent from him on this point. The passage here referred to in Dioclo- rus affords to my mind sufficient evidence that the elder Dionysius con Btructed both the southern wall of Epipolae and the fortification of Ncapo lis. The same conclusion moreover appears to result from what we reaW of the proceedings of Dion and Timoleon afterwards.
- Diodor. xv. 13
