482 HISTORY OF GREFXE equity and even favor, granting to them a prefei'ence in the ex- port of corn when there was not enough for all.^ His son Leu- kon not onlj continued the preference to Athenian exporting ships, but also granted to them remission of the export duty (of one-thirtieth part), which he exacted from all other traders. Such an exemption is reckoned as equivalent to an annual pre- sent of 13,000 medimni of com (the medimnus being about 1^ bushel) ; the total quantity of corn bi-ought from Bosporus to Athens in a full year being 400,000 medimni.2 It is ea^y to see moreover that such a premium must have thrown nearly the whole exporting trade into the hands of Athenian merchants. The Athenians requited this favor by public votes of gratitude and honor, conferring upon Leukon the citizenship, together with immunity from all the regular burthens attaching to property at Athens. There was lying in that city money belonging to Leu- kon ; ^ who Avas therefore open (under the proposition of Lep- tines) to that conditional summons for exchange of properties, technically termed Antidosis. In his time, moreover, the corn- trade of Bosporus appears to have been farther extended ; for we learn that he established an export from Theodosia as well as from Pantikapnsum. His successor Parisades I. continuing to Athenian exporters of corn the same privilege of immunity from export duty, obtained from Athens still higher honors than Leukon ; for we learn that his statue, together with those of two relatives, was erected in the agora, on the motion of Demosthe- nes.'* The connection of Bosporus with Athens was durable as well as intimate ; its corn-trade being of high importance to the subsistence of the people. Every Athenian exporter was bound by law to bring his cargo in the first instance to Athens. The 1 Isokratcs, Trapezit. s. 71. Demostlienes also recognizes favors fioic Satyrus — Kai avroc (Leukon) Kal oi wpoyovoi., etc. (adv. Lcplin. p. 4G7).
- Demosth. adv. Leptin., p. 467.
" Demosth. adv. Leptin., p. 469.
- Demosth. adv. Phormion, p. 917; Deinarchus adv. Demosth.. p. 31.
The name stands Berisades as printed in the oration ; but it is plain thai Parisades is the person designated. See Boeckh, Introd. ad Inscr. No. 2056, p. 92. Deinarchus avers, that Demosthenes received an annual prescn' of 1000 modii of corn from Bosporus.
