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CHASHTANA AT UJJAIN 193 of foreign barbarians, who ignored caste rules, and treated with contempt the precepts of the holy sastras. This disgust is vividly expressed in the long inscrip- tion recorded in 144 A. D. by the queen-mother Balasri, of the Gautama family, in which she glorifies herself as the mother of the hero who " destroyed the Sakas, Yavanas, and Pah- lavas . . . properly expended the taxes which he levied in accordance with the sacred law . . . and prevented the mix- ing of the four castes/' After the de- RIVER 8IPRA AT UJJAIN. struction Of Naha- rrom a photograph. pana, the local government of the west was entrusted to one Chashtana, who seems to have been a Saka, and to have acted as viceroy under the Andhra conqueror. Chashtana, whose capital was at Ujjain in Malwa, is mentioned by his contemporary, Ptolemy the geogra- pher, under the slight disguise of Tiastanes. From him sprang a long line of satraps, who retained the govern- ment of Western India with varying fortune, until the last of them was overthrown at the close of the fourth century by Chandragupta Vikramaditya. In the year 138 A. D. Vilivayakura II was succeeded on the Andhra throne by his son Pulumayi n, the Siro Polemaios of Ptolemy, and about the same time the