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OVERTHROW BY THE MOHAMMEDANS 361 known as Sevana. The first of the Yadava line to attain a position of importance was Bhillama, who was killed in battle by the Hoysala chief in 1191 A. D. The most powerful raja was Singhana (ace. 1210 A. D.), who invaded Gujarat and other countries, and established a short-lived kingdom almost rivalling in extent the realms of the Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas. The dynasty, like that of the Hoysalas, was des- troyed by the Mohammedans. When Ala-ud-din, Sultan of Delhi, crossed the Narmada, the northern frontier of the Yadava kingdom, in 1294, the reigning raja, Ramachandra, was obliged to surrender, and to ransom his life by payment of an enormous amount of treasure, which is said to have included six hundred maunds of pearls, two maunds of diamonds, rubies, emeralds, and sapphires, and so forth. When the Sultan's incursion was repeated by Malik Kafur in 1309 A. D., Ramachandra again refrained from opposition, and submitted to the invader. He was the last independent Hindu sovereign of the Deccan. After his death, his son-in-law, Harapala, stirred up a revolt against the foreigners in 1318, but, being defeated, was flayed alive and decapitated. Thus miserably ended the Yadava line. The celebrated Sanskrit writer, Hemadri, popularly known as Hemadpant, flourished during the reigns of Ramachandra and his predecessor, Mahadeva. He de- voted himself chiefly to the reduction to a system of Hindu religious practices and observances, and with this object compiled important works upon Hindu