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APPENDIX VI APPROXIMATE KUSHAN CHRONOLOGY B.C. 165 c. 163 c. 160 c. 150-140 c. 140 c. 138 c. 135 c. 125 c. 122 c. 114 c. 70 c. 65 57 c. 13 B.C. 2 A. D. 8 14 c. 24 38 41 c. 45 c. 45-60 54 c. 64 68,69 70 77 78 79 81 c. 85 90 c. 90-100 96 Expulsion of main body of Yueh-chi horde from Kan-suh by the Hiung-nu. Nan-tiu-mi, chief of the Wu-sun, killed by the Yueh-chi. Yueh-chi occupation of the Saka territory ; Saka migration. Saka invasion of India. Expulsion of Yueh-chi from Saka territory by Koen-muo, the young Wu-sun chief, son of Nan-tiu-mi. Reduction of the Ta-hia, both north and south of the Oxus, to vas- salage by the Yueh-chi, who begin to settle down. Despatch by Chinese Emperor Wu-ti of Chang-kien as envoy to the Yueh-chi. Arrival of Chang-kien at Yueh-chi headquarters, north of the Oxus. Return of Chang-kien to China. Death of Chang-kien. Extension of Yueh-chi settlements to the lands south of the Oxus ; occupation of Ta-hia capital, Lan-sheu, south of the river, prob- ably = Balkh. Formation of five Yueh-chi principalities, including Kushan and Bamian. Epoch of the Malava or Vikrama era. Indian embassy to Augustus. The Chinese graduate, King-hien, or King-lu, instructed in Buddhist books by a Yueh-chi king. Temporary cessation of intercourse between China and the West. Augustus, Roman Emperor, died ; Tiberius ace. End of First, or Early Han dynasty of China. Gaius (Caligula), Roman Emperor, ace. Claudius, Roman Emperor, ace. Kadphises I Kushan (Kieu-tsieu-kio, Kozolakadaphes, etc.) ace. Consolidation of the five Yueh-chi principalities into Kushan empire under Kadphises I ; conquest by him of Kabul (Kao-f u), ? Bactria (Pota), and ? Kashmir (Ki-pin) ; Hermaios, Greek king in Kabul and Pan jab, contemporary. Nero, Roman Emperor, ace. Buddhist books sent for by Chinese Emperor, Ming-ti. Galba, Otho, and Vitellius, Roman Emperors. Vespasian, Roman Emperor (ace. Dec. 22, 69). Publication of Pliny's Natural History. Epoch of the Saka, or Salivahana era. Titus, Roman Emperor, ace. Domitian, Roman Emperor, ace. Death of Kadphises I, at age of 80 ; Kadphises II, his son, ace. (= Yen-kao-ching, Hima Kadphises, etc.) ; the " Nameless King," Soter Meyas, contemporary and subordinate. Kadphises II defeated by Chinese general Pan-ch'ao, and compelled to pay tribute to China. Annexation of Northern India, and destruction of Indo-Parthian power in the Panjab by Kadphises II. Nerva, Roman Emperor, ace. 406