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THE VARYING FORTUNES OF WAR 17 making captives. He then sent Ms officers to Marmad, Mandal, Dahnaj, and Barus (Broach). He sent a force against Uzain (Ujjain) and he also sent Habid ibn Marra with an army against the country of Maliba (Malabar). They made incursions against Uzain, and attacked Baharimad and burnt its suburbs. Junaid conquered al-Bailaman and Jurz (Gujarat), and he received at his abode, in addition to what his visitors presented to him, forty millions, while he himself car- ried off a similar sum. The successor of Junaid was Tamim ibn Zaid al- Utbi. He was feeble and imbecile, and died near Daibul in a water called the " Buffalo-water," so named because buffalos took refuge there from the bears which infested the banks of the Mihran. Tamim was one of the most generous of Arabs and soon spent the eighteen million Tartar dirhams which he found in the treasury of Sind. In his days, the Mussulmans retired from several parts of India and left some of their positions, nor have they up to the present time advanced so far as in days gone by. Hakim ibn Awana al-Kalbi succeeded Tamim. The people of India had returned to idolatry, excepting those of Kassa, and the Mussulmans had no place of security in which they could take refuge, so he built a town on the other side of the lake facing India, and called it al-Mahfuzah, " the secure," and this he made a place of refuge and security for them, and their chief town. He asked the elders of the tribe of Kalb, who were of Syrian descent, what name he should give the