Page:History of Indian and Eastern Architecture Vol 2.djvu/52

JAINA ARCHITECTURE. BOOK V. again. The temple is thus a shrine of " High Places." The other temple almost a copy of it was erected in the Vimalavasi Tuk, some thirty-five years later. The MotLfah Tuk, which occupies the east end of the depression between the ridges of the summit, measures about 230 ft. by 224 ft. surrounded by a lofty wall with round towers at the corners. It appears on the front part of the photograph, in Woodcut No. 277. A This great square, besides the central temple, dedicated to Adinath, and measuring over all 8 1 ft. by 67 ft. 6 in., contains also some fifteen other temples some of respectable dimensions. The whole is surrounded by a bhamti or cloister of more than a hundred small shrines along the enclosing walls. This great Tuk was constructed in 1836, at the expense of Setthi Motion Amichand, a wealthy banker and merchant of Bombay, and of his family relations. 1 In such examples as these we see the work that native craftsmen still execute when left to themselves. Unfortunately the exterior of the temple has been painted, in late years, in an exceedingly vulgar style. 2 GIRNAR, The hill of Girnar, in the south of the Kathiawar peninsula of Gujarat, not far from Junagadh, is another tirtha of the Jains, as sacred, but somehow not so fashionable in modern times as that at Palitana. It wants, consequently, that bewildering magnificence arising from the number and variety of buildings of all ages that crowd that temple city. Besides this, the temples themselves at Girnar lose much of their apparent size from being perched on the brow of a hill rising 3,500 ft. above the level of the sea, composed of granite rocks strewn about in picturesque confusion. The hill is regarded by the Jains as sacred to Neminath, the 22nd of their Tirthankaras, and who is represented as the cousin of the Hindu Krishna. Although we have a ' Girriar Mahatmyam ' as a portion of the Satrunjaya Mahatmyam, 3 to retail fables and falsify dates, we have at Girnar inscriptions which prove that in ancient times it must have been a place of great importance. On a rock outside the town at its foot, called par excellence Junagadh the 1 ' The Temples of Satrunjaya,' pp. 22, 23, and photograph plates 15, and 25-28. 2 For a more detailed account of Satrunjaya, the reader may refer to 'The Temples of J>atrunjaya' (Bombay, 1869), introduction of which the text was partly reprinted at Ahmadabad, 1878 ; and partly in ' Indian Antiquary,' vol. ii. pp. 354-357. The early history and the tenets of the Jains will be found in Buhler's ' Indian Sect of the Jainas ' (English translation), London, 1903. 3 An abridged version of the ' 6at- runjaya Mahatmyam,' is given in 'Indian Antiquary,' vol. xxx. pp. 239-251 and 288-308. The Girnar or Raivata Maha- tmyam forms sections 10 to 12 (pp. 288- 302) of that work.