Page:History of Modern Philosophy (Falckenberg).djvu/377

ANALYTIC OF CONCEPTS. 355 be connected, the understanding the connecting unity. The former is aBIe to intujt_only, the latter only to think; knowledge can arise only as thy^ result of their union/ Intuitions depend on affections; concepts on functions, that is, on unifying acts of the understanding. To discover the pure forms of thought it is neces- sary to isolate the understanding, just as an isolation of the sensibility was necessary above in order to the discov- ery of the pure forms of intuition. We obtain the ele- i ments of the pure knowledge of the understanding by re- jecting all that is intuitive and empirical. These elements must be pure, must be concepts, further, not derivative or composite, but fundamental concepts, and their number must be complete. This complete ness is guaranteed only when the pure concepts ox categories are sought according to some common principle, which assigns to each its position in the connection of the whole, and not (as with Aristotle) collected by occasional, unsystematic inquiries undertaken at random. The table of the forms of judgment will serve as a guide for the discovery of the categories. Thought is knowledge through concepts ; the understand- ing can make no other use of concepts than to judge by means of them. Hence, since the understanding is the X faculty of judging, th e various ki nds of connection in judg- / ment miist~yield the various pure " connective-concepts '/ {Verkniipfungsbegriffe. — K. Fischer) or categories. y ^y^ In regard to quantity, every judgment is universal, par- > ticular, or singulaK^; in regard to quality, affirmative, nega- tive, or infinite'; in regard to relation, categorical, hypo- thetical, or disjunctive ;'^and in regard to modality, probt lematical, assertory, or apodictic!' To these twelve forms ^ of judgment correspond as many categories, viz., I., Unity, Plurality,'^Totality ; *^II., Reality, legation, Limitation ; III., Subsistence and Inherence (Substance and Accident), Causality a^d Dependence (tause and Effect), Community (Reciprocity between the Active and the Passive) ; IV., Possibility — Impossiblity, Existence — Non-existence, Necessity — Contingency. The first six of these fundamental concepts, which have I fio correlatives, constitute the mathematical, the second