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EVIL

Duzhyairya.[1] He keeps her in bonds as a thousand men would keep one man, and if Tishtrya were not to keep her in check she would extinguish the life of the entire material world.[2] Mithra withstands the Pairikas.[3]

The recital of the Ahuna Vairya and Airyaman Ishya prayers routs the fairies.[4] Zarathushtra asks Ahura Mazda to declare the divine name of his by the utterance of which he may smite the demons and fairies.[5] Ahura Mazda thereupon declares that the recital of his holy names is most efficacious for routing the evil ones.[6] Haurvatat, Haoma, Ardvi Sura, Tishtrya, Mithra, Vayu, the Fravashis, sun, waters, and trees are invoked to give power to withstand the seductive attacks of the Pairikas.[7] Haoshyangha and Takhma Urupi overpowered and ruled over them.[8]

The Yatus, or sorcerers, usually associate with this class of evil beings.[9] The faithful declare in the Confession of the Faith that they abjure the sorcerers and those addicted to the sorcerers.[10] Ahura Mazda's names, and the most efficacious prayers Ahuna Vairya, Ashem Vohu, Yenghe Hatam, and Airyaman Ishya rout the sorcerers.[11] The recital of the hymn to Sraosha frightens and forces them to flee.[12] The prayers and sacrifices unto the fire,[13] the sun,[14] Vayu,[15] Tishtrya,[16] Haoma,[17] enable the faithful to disable the sorcerers. The Fravashi of King Haosrava is invoked to rout them.[18] King Takhma Urupi subdued them.[19] They failed in their attempts to compass the death of Zarathushtra.[20] The West has derived the term magic from Magi, the priestly class of the ancient

  1. Yt. 8. 36, 51, 53-55.
  2. Yt. 8. 54, 55.
  3. Yt. 10. 26.
  4. Yt. 3. 5; 11. 6; Vd. 20. 12.
  5. Yt. 1. 6.
  6. Yt. 1. 10, 11.
  7. Ys. 9. 18; 16. 8; 68. 8; Yt. 4. 4; 5. 26; 6. 4; 10. 34; 13. 104, 135; 15. 12; Sr. 2. 13.
  8. Yt. 19. 26, 28, 29.
  9. See Frachtenberg, Allusions to Witchcraft and other primitive beliefs in Dastur Hoshang Memorial Volume, p. 398-453; Franklin, Allusions to the Persian Magic in Classical Latin Writers, ib., p. 520-534.
  10. Ys. 12. 4.
  11. Ys. 61. 3; Yt. 1. 6; 3. 5, 9, 12, 16.
  12. Yt. 11. 6.
  13. Vd. 8. 80.
  14. Yt. 6. 4.
  15. Yt. 15. 56.
  16. Sr. 2. 13.
  17. Ys. 9. 18.
  18. Yt. 13. 135.
  19. Yt. 19. 29.
  20. Yt. 8. 44.